QEMU在ubuntu模拟ARM vexpress-a9开发板

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已于 2024-04-18 01:32:43 修改

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分类专栏： linux驱动开发文章标签： linux

于 2024-04-18 01:31:21 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44226299/article/details/137895885

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1.安装软件和交叉编译链接

sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev  libglib2.0-0  libglib2.0-dev qemu 
sudo apt-get install qemu-system-arm
sudo apt-get install qemu-utils

sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi

2. 编译内核

下载内核文件和解压缩：

wget https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/linux-4.14.7.tar.xz

tar xvJf linux-4.14.7.tar.xz

下面命令把vexpress_defconfig作为配置文件保存为.config，并根据这个config中的配置进行编译。

make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- ARCH=arm vexpress_defconfig
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- ARCH=arm -j8

编译得到内核文件arch/arm/boot/zImage，Qemu启动时需要指定使用这个映像文件。

3. 制作根文件系统

3.1 编译busybox

下载和解压缩busybox：

wget https://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.35.0.tar.bz2
tar xf busybox-1.35.0.tar.bz2

编译：

cd busybox-1.35.0/
make defconfig
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- -j8
make install CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- -j8

编译生成的bin文件在busybox-1.35.0/_install/目录下

3.2 制作根文件系统镜像

切换到busybox的上级目录，并使用如下脚本制作镜像

#!/bin/bash

mkdir -p rootfs/{dev,etc/init.d,lib}
touch rootfs/etc/init.d/rcS
#这里用双引号可能会报错
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n' > rootfs/etc/init.d/rcS
cp busybox-1.35.0/_install/* -r rootfs/
#sudo cp -P /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib/* rootfs/lib/
sudo cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib/sf/* rootfs/lib/

#ln -s bin/busybox rootfs/init
#ln -s -f bin/busybox rootfs/sbin/init

sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty1 c 4 1
sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty2 c 4 2
sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty3 c 4 3
sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty4 c 4 4

sudo chown root:root -R rootfs/*
sudo  chmod  777 rootfs/etc/init.d/rcS

qemu-img create -f raw disk.img 512M
mkfs -t ext4 ./disk.img
mkdir  -p   tmpfs
sudo mount -o loop ./disk.img tmpfs/
sudo cp -r rootfs/* tmpfs/
sudo umount tmpfs
file disk.img

镜像制作完成会生成 disk.img镜像

4. 启动虚拟机开发板

qemu-system-arm \
	-M vexpress-a9 \
	-m 512M \
	-kernel linux-4.14.7/arch/arm/boot/zImage \
	-dtb linux-4.14.7/arch/arm/boot/dts/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb \
	-nographic \
	-append "root=/dev/mmcblk0 rw console=ttyAMA0" \
	-sd disk.img

关于qemu-system-arm命令各个参数详细解释如下：

-M vexpress-a9：表示使用vexpress-a9开发板的配置；
-m 512M：表示这只内存为512M；
-kernel xxx/arch/arm/boot/zImage：表示使用哪个内核镜像；
-dtb xxx/arch/arm/boot/dts/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb：表示使用哪个dtb文件；
-nographic：表示不启动图形化界面；
-append：表示设置kernel的cmdline；
-sd disk.img：表示使用sd卡上某个文件作为根文件系统；
qemu-system-arm -M help：可以查看支持的板子情况。

回车后出现如下界面代表成功：

Please press Enter to activate this console.
/ #
/ #
/ #

5.遭遇的问题

运行启动虚拟机开发板命令后，系统启动失败出现panic，如下打印：

...
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
mmcblk0: mmc0:4567 QEMU! 512 MiB
input: AT Raw Set 2 keyboard as /devices/platform/smb@4000000/smb@4000000:motherboard/smb@4000000:motherboard:iofpga@7,00000000/10006000.kmi/serio0/input/input0
aaci-pl041 10004000.aaci: ARM AC'97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x10004000, irq 33
aaci-pl041 10004000.aaci: FIFO 512 entries
oprofile: using arm/armv7-ca9
NET: Registered protocol family 17
9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support
Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler
rtc-pl031 10017000.rtc: setting system clock to 2024-04-16 14:01:03 UTC (1713276063)
ALSA device list:
  #0: ARM AC'97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x10004000, irq 33
input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/platform/smb@4000000/smb@4000000:motherboard/smb@4000000:motherboard:iofpga@7,00000000/10007000.kmi/serio1/input/input2
EXT4-fs (mmcblk0): couldn't mount as ext3 due to feature incompatibilities
EXT4-fs (mmcblk0): Filesystem with huge files cannot be mounted RDWR without CONFIG_LBDAF
EXT2-fs (mmcblk0): error: couldn't mount because of unsupported optional features (2c0)
EXT4-fs (mmcblk0): couldn't mount as ext3 due to feature incompatibilities
EXT4-fs (mmcblk0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) readonly on device 179:0.
Freeing unused kernel memory: 1024K
Kernel panic - not syncing: No working init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel. See Linux Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst for guidance.
CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.14.7 #1
Hardware name: ARM-Versatile Express
[<8010f988>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<8010bb14>] (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[<8010bb14>] (show_stack) from [<806533d0>] (dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
[<806533d0>] (dump_stack) from [<8011eb4c>] (panic+0xd8/0x244)
[<8011eb4c>] (panic) from [<80665dc0>] (kernel_init+0x104/0x10c)
[<80665dc0>] (kernel_init) from [<80107968>] (ret_from_fork+0x14/0x2c)
---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: No working init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel. See Linux Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst for guidance.

可能原因：

文件系统重init文件缺失，检查我的文件系统中init文件正常。故排除

参考博客：buildroot编译内核启动报错：Kernel panic - not syncing: No working init found问题解决
busybox编译时未进行交叉编译导致文件为不是arm架构文件，file rootfs/bin/busybox命令查看并无问题。故排除

参考博客：CentOS 7 利用qemu模拟ARM vexpress A9开发板
交叉编译库未正常拷贝。检查rootfs/lib文件发现其下面没有交叉编译库的内容，而是一个软链接，指向一个不存在的路径。问题定位到了，修复如下：

修改制作根文件系统镜像中sudo cp -P /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib/* rootfs/lib/为sudo cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib/sf/* rootfs/lib/，重新制作根文件系统镜像后正常了。

可能不同版本ubuntu安装的 gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi 库路径不同，需要自己检查一下。

参考博客：启动报错：Kernel panic - not syncing: No working init found. Try passing init= option to kernel.