SpringMVC

SpringMVC

1、执行原理

中心控制器

spring的web框架围绕dispatcherServlet设计,他的作用是分发请求。

在这里插入图片描述

例localhsot:8080/helloServlet/index

他会自动的去拆分

  • localhost:8080我们的服务器域名
  • helloServlet是我们在服务器的一个站点
  • index表示一个控制器
2、基于注解

springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.ming.controller"/>
    <!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源 -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
    <!--
    支持mvc注解驱动
        在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
        要想使@RequestMapping注解生效
        必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
        和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例
        这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理。
        而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入。
     -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
          id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

</beans>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--1.注册servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置,进行关联-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- 启动顺序,数字越小,启动越早 -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!--所有请求都会被springmvc拦截 -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

controller下的类,有点类似与flask的操作

@Controller
public class HelloController {
	//url路径为hello
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(Model model){

        model.addAttribute("msg", "你好springmvc");
        return  "hello"; //被视图解析器处理,返回给hello页面
    }

}

hello.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
	${msg}
</body>
</html>

3、RestFul风格

用斜杠分割参数

如localhost:8080/add/1/2

需要通过@RequestMapping设置

public class RestFulController {

    @RequestMapping("/add/{a}/{b}")
    public String add(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b, Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg", a+b);
        return "hello";
    }
}
指定请求方式(默认get)

只允许post方法,可以设置method,也可以使用PostMapping

//@RequestMapping(value = "/add/{a}/{b}",method = RequestMethod.POST)
@PostMapping("/add/{a}/{b}")
public String add(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b, Model model){
    model.addAttribute("msg", a+b);
    return "hello";
}

get方法

//@RequestMapping(value = "/add/{a}/{b}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
@GetMapping("/add/{a}/{b}")
public String add(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b, Model model){
    model.addAttribute("msg", a+b);
    return "hello";
}

还有一些其他的注解

    @PutMapping()
    @PatchMapping()
    @DeleteMapping()

优点

  1. 更加安全,参数不会暴露
4、接收参数
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @GetMapping("/t1")
    public String test1(@RequestParam("usernames") String name, Model model){

        model.addAttribute("msg", name);

        return "hello";
    }
}

可以用@RequestParam设置参数别名,建议都用别名,显式的配置可以让代码可读性更高

5、解决中文乱码问题

web.xml

    <!--SPRING配置乱码问题-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
6、JSON

jackjson或者fastjson

6.1、jackJson

导入jackjson依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    <version>2.11.1</version>
</dependency>

由于返回的是json,所以不用去寻找页面只用返回字符串即可


    @RequestMapping("/j1")
    @ResponseBody //不会找页面,直接返回字符串
    public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException {

        ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
        User user = new User(1,"作为",18);
        String str = om.writeValueAsString(user); //转换为字符串
        return str;
    }

在这里插入图片描述

但是出现了中文乱码的问题,用springmvc-servlet.xml的配置去统一解决

<mvc:annotation-driven>
   <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
       <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
           <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
       </bean>
       <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
           <property name="objectMapper">
               <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                   <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
               </bean>
           </property>
       </bean>
   </mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>

返回数组型的json,只需要把对象添加到list集合中即可

    @RequestMapping("/j2")
    public String json2() throws JsonProcessingException {
        List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
        ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
        User user1 = new User(1,"作为",18);
        User user2 = new User(2,"作为",18);
        User user3 = new User(3,"作为",18);
        User user4 = new User(4,"作为",18);
        list.add(user1);
        list.add(user2);
        list.add(user3);
        list.add(user4);
        String str = om.writeValueAsString(list);
        return str;
    }

@RestController 相当于这个类下面的所有方法都不寻找页面,返回字符串,省去@ResponBody的操作

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/g1")
public class UserController {


    @RequestMapping("/j1")
   // @ResponseBody //不会找页面,直接返回字符串
    public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException {

        ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
        User user = new User(1,"作为",18);
        String str = om.writeValueAsString(user);
        return str;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/j2")
    public String json2() throws JsonProcessingException {
        List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
        ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
        User user1 = new User(1,"作为",18);
        User user2 = new User(2,"作为",18);
        User user3 = new User(3,"作为",18);
        User user4 = new User(4,"作为",18);
        list.add(user1);
        list.add(user2);
        list.add(user3);
        list.add(user4);
        String str = om.writeValueAsString(list);
        return str;
    }
6.2、FastJson

操作类似前端,简单

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.60</version>
</dependency>

可以实现java对象和json对象相互转换,

java对象和json字符串转换

7、整合mybatis

项目结构

--main
    --java
    --resourse
        --applicationContext.xml
        --database.properties
        --mybatisConfig.xml
        --spring-dao.xml
        --spring-mvc.xml	
        --springService.xml
 --web
 	--WEB-INF
 		--jsp
 		--web.xml
 

前期准备,导入依赖,资源过滤

pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>ssmbuild</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <!--Junit-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--数据库驱动-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 数据库连接池 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.5.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--Servlet - JSP -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--Mybatis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--Spring-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.16.10</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>
</project>
编写database.properties数据库配置文件
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcdemo?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456
mybatisConfig.xml

大部分的配置交个spring管理:如配置数据源。

只需要设置别名,注册mapper

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!--配置数据源,交给spring去做-->
    
    <!--设置别名-->
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.ming.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>

    <mappers>
        <mapper class="com.ming.dao.bookmapper"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>
spring-dao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 配置整合mybatis -->
    <!-- 1.关联数据库文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/>

    <!-- 2.数据库连接池 -->
    <!--数据库连接池
        dbcp 半自动化操作 不能自动连接
        c3p0 自动化操作(自动的加载配置文件 并且设置到对象里面)
    -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <!-- 配置连接池属性 -->
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>

        <!-- c3p0连接池的私有属性 -->
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/>
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/>
        <!-- 关闭连接后不自动commit -->
        <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
        <!-- 获取连接超时时间 -->
        <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/>
        <!-- 当获取连接失败重试次数 -->
        <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 3.配置SqlSessionFactory对象 -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!-- 配置MyBaties全局配置文件:mybatis-config.xml -->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatisConfig.xml"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 4.配置扫描Dao接口包,动态实现Dao接口注入到spring容器中 -->
    <!--解释 :https://www.cnblogs.com/jpfss/p/7799806.html-->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory -->
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
        <!-- 给出需要扫描Dao接口包 -->
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.ming.dao"/>
    </bean>

</beans>
8、整合spring

@Qualifier限定哪个bean应该被自动注入。当Spring无法判断出哪个bean应该被注入时,@Qualifier注解有助于消除歧义bean的自动注入

spirng-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
   https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
    <!-- 1.开启SpringMVC注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!-- 2.静态资源默认servlet配置-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!-- 3.配置jsp 显示ViewResolver视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 4.扫描web相关的bean -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.ming.controller" />

</beans>
springService.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描service相关的bean -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.ming.service" />

    <!--BookServiceImpl注入到IOC容器中-->
    <bean id="bookServiceImpl" class="com.ming.service.bookServiceImpl">
        <property name="bookmapper" ref="bookmapper"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置事务管理器,增删改自动提交 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>

</beans>

总的配置,

applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <import resource="classpath:spring-dao.xml"/>
    <import resource="classpath:springService.xml"/>
    <import resource="classpath:spring-mvc.xml"/>
</beans>
web.xml

其中配置dispatcherServlet分发,过滤器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <!--一定要注意:我们这里加载的是总的配置文件,之前被这里坑了!-->
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--encodingFilter-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>
            org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
        </filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!--Session过期时间-->
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
    </session-config>

</web-app>
9、Ajax

Ajax 即“Asynchronous Javascript And XML”(异步 JavaScript 和 XML),是指一种创建交互式、快速动态网页应用的网页开发技术,无需重新加载整个网页的情况下,能够更新部分网页的技术。

在这里插入图片描述

xhr代表ajax类型的请求

可以使用Jquery里面的函数实现ajax请求

转发和重定向有什么不同?

转发的话地址栏的请求是不会变的。重定向是重新发起一次请求,url会变

10、拦截器
  • 拦截器是aop的具体应用

  • 什么是拦截器?
    Spring MVC中的拦截器(Interceptor)类似于Servlet中的过滤器(Filter),它主要用于拦截用户请求并作相应的处理。例如通过拦截器可以进行权限验证、记录请求信息的日志、判断用户是否登录等。

重写HandlerInterceptor的三个方法,分别是处理前,处理后和清理

public class myInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {


    //return true;放行
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("处理前========");
        return true;
    }

    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("处理后========");
    }

    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("清理========");
    }
}

拦截器实现登录拦截功能

首先我们写一个类实现HandlerInterceptor,然后重写其中的preHandle方法

public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        //return true 就是放行,return false 就是拦截
		
        //放行:登录
         if(request.getRequestURI().contains("gologin")){
             return true;
         }

         //登录页也放行,才能存session,如果不放行,不能执行提交后的方法
        if(request.getRequestURI().contains("login")){
            return true;
        }

        //没有登录,所以session为空,让他通过执行登录方法
        if(session.getAttribute("username")!=null){
            return true;
        }

        //重定向
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
        return false;
    }
}

然后我们在applicationContext.xml中配置,拦截器是springmvc中的功能,所以用mvc标签打出就有提示

    <!--拦截器配置-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!--拦截这个请求下的所有请求-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <!--bean就是我们自己上面写的拦截器-->
            <bean class="com.ming.config.myInterceptor"></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
        <mvc:interceptor>
             <!--拦截这个user请求下的所有请求-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/user/**"/>
            <bean class="com.ming.config.LoginInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>
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