SpringMVC
文章目录
1、执行原理
中心控制器
spring的web框架围绕dispatcherServlet设计,他的作用是分发请求。
例localhsot:8080/helloServlet/index
他会自动的去拆分
- localhost:8080我们的服务器域名
- helloServlet是我们在服务器的一个站点
- index表示一个控制器
2、基于注解
springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ming.controller"/>
<!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!--
支持mvc注解驱动
在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
要想使@RequestMapping注解生效
必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例
这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理。
而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入。
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--1.注册servlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置,进行关联-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 启动顺序,数字越小,启动越早 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--所有请求都会被springmvc拦截 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
controller下的类,有点类似与flask的操作
@Controller
public class HelloController {
//url路径为hello
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg", "你好springmvc");
return "hello"; //被视图解析器处理,返回给hello页面
}
}
hello.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>
3、RestFul风格
用斜杠分割参数
如localhost:8080/add/1/2
需要通过@RequestMapping设置
public class RestFulController {
@RequestMapping("/add/{a}/{b}")
public String add(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b, Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg", a+b);
return "hello";
}
}
指定请求方式(默认get)
只允许post方法,可以设置method,也可以使用PostMapping
//@RequestMapping(value = "/add/{a}/{b}",method = RequestMethod.POST)
@PostMapping("/add/{a}/{b}")
public String add(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b, Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg", a+b);
return "hello";
}
get方法
//@RequestMapping(value = "/add/{a}/{b}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
@GetMapping("/add/{a}/{b}")
public String add(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b, Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg", a+b);
return "hello";
}
还有一些其他的注解
@PutMapping()
@PatchMapping()
@DeleteMapping()
优点
- 更加安全,参数不会暴露
4、接收参数
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@GetMapping("/t1")
public String test1(@RequestParam("usernames") String name, Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg", name);
return "hello";
}
}
可以用@RequestParam设置参数别名,建议都用别名,显式的配置可以让代码可读性更高
5、解决中文乱码问题
web.xml
<!--SPRING配置乱码问题-->
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
6、JSON
jackjson或者fastjson
6.1、jackJson
导入jackjson依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.11.1</version>
</dependency>
由于返回的是json,所以不用去寻找页面只用返回字符串即可
@RequestMapping("/j1")
@ResponseBody //不会找页面,直接返回字符串
public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException {
ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
User user = new User(1,"作为",18);
String str = om.writeValueAsString(user); //转换为字符串
return str;
}
但是出现了中文乱码的问题,用springmvc-servlet.xml的配置去统一解决
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="objectMapper">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
<property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
返回数组型的json,只需要把对象添加到list集合中即可
@RequestMapping("/j2")
public String json2() throws JsonProcessingException {
List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
User user1 = new User(1,"作为",18);
User user2 = new User(2,"作为",18);
User user3 = new User(3,"作为",18);
User user4 = new User(4,"作为",18);
list.add(user1);
list.add(user2);
list.add(user3);
list.add(user4);
String str = om.writeValueAsString(list);
return str;
}
@RestController 相当于这个类下面的所有方法都不寻找页面,返回字符串,省去@ResponBody的操作
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/g1")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/j1")
// @ResponseBody //不会找页面,直接返回字符串
public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException {
ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
User user = new User(1,"作为",18);
String str = om.writeValueAsString(user);
return str;
}
@RequestMapping("/j2")
public String json2() throws JsonProcessingException {
List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
User user1 = new User(1,"作为",18);
User user2 = new User(2,"作为",18);
User user3 = new User(3,"作为",18);
User user4 = new User(4,"作为",18);
list.add(user1);
list.add(user2);
list.add(user3);
list.add(user4);
String str = om.writeValueAsString(list);
return str;
}
6.2、FastJson
操作类似前端,简单
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.60</version>
</dependency>
可以实现java对象和json对象相互转换,
java对象和json字符串转换
7、整合mybatis
项目结构
--main
--java
--resourse
--applicationContext.xml
--database.properties
--mybatisConfig.xml
--spring-dao.xml
--spring-mvc.xml
--springService.xml
--web
--WEB-INF
--jsp
--web.xml
前期准备,导入依赖,资源过滤
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>ssmbuild</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<!--Junit-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<!--数据库驱动-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据库连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--Servlet - JSP -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--Mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--Spring-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.10</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
编写database.properties数据库配置文件
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcdemo?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456
mybatisConfig.xml
大部分的配置交个spring管理:如配置数据源。
只需要设置别名,注册mapper
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--配置数据源,交给spring去做-->
<!--设置别名-->
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.ming.pojo"/>
</typeAliases>
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.ming.dao.bookmapper"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
spring-dao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 配置整合mybatis -->
<!-- 1.关联数据库文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/>
<!-- 2.数据库连接池 -->
<!--数据库连接池
dbcp 半自动化操作 不能自动连接
c3p0 自动化操作(自动的加载配置文件 并且设置到对象里面)
-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!-- 配置连接池属性 -->
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
<!-- c3p0连接池的私有属性 -->
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/>
<property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/>
<!-- 关闭连接后不自动commit -->
<property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
<!-- 获取连接超时时间 -->
<property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/>
<!-- 当获取连接失败重试次数 -->
<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/>
</bean>
<!-- 3.配置SqlSessionFactory对象 -->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!-- 配置MyBaties全局配置文件:mybatis-config.xml -->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatisConfig.xml"/>
</bean>
<!-- 4.配置扫描Dao接口包,动态实现Dao接口注入到spring容器中 -->
<!--解释 :https://www.cnblogs.com/jpfss/p/7799806.html-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory -->
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
<!-- 给出需要扫描Dao接口包 -->
<property name="basePackage" value="com.ming.dao"/>
</bean>
</beans>
8、整合spring
@Qualifier限定哪个bean应该被自动注入。当Spring无法判断出哪个bean应该被注入时,@Qualifier注解有助于消除歧义bean的自动注入
spirng-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
<!-- 1.开启SpringMVC注解驱动 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 2.静态资源默认servlet配置-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 3.配置jsp 显示ViewResolver视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<!-- 4.扫描web相关的bean -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ming.controller" />
</beans>
springService.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 扫描service相关的bean -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ming.service" />
<!--BookServiceImpl注入到IOC容器中-->
<bean id="bookServiceImpl" class="com.ming.service.bookServiceImpl">
<property name="bookmapper" ref="bookmapper"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置事务管理器,增删改自动提交 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
</beans>
总的配置,
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<import resource="classpath:spring-dao.xml"/>
<import resource="classpath:springService.xml"/>
<import resource="classpath:spring-mvc.xml"/>
</beans>
web.xml
其中配置dispatcherServlet分发,过滤器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!--一定要注意:我们这里加载的是总的配置文件,之前被这里坑了!-->
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--encodingFilter-->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--Session过期时间-->
<session-config>
<session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
</session-config>
</web-app>
9、Ajax
Ajax 即“Asynchronous Javascript And XML”(异步 JavaScript 和 XML),是指一种创建交互式、快速动态网页应用的网页开发技术,无需重新加载整个网页的情况下,能够更新部分网页的技术。
xhr代表ajax类型的请求
可以使用Jquery里面的函数实现ajax请求
转发和重定向有什么不同?
转发的话地址栏的请求是不会变的。重定向是重新发起一次请求,url会变
10、拦截器
-
拦截器是aop的具体应用
-
什么是拦截器?
Spring MVC中的拦截器(Interceptor)类似于Servlet中的过滤器(Filter),它主要用于拦截用户请求并作相应的处理。例如通过拦截器可以进行权限验证、记录请求信息的日志、判断用户是否登录等。
重写HandlerInterceptor的三个方法,分别是处理前,处理后和清理
public class myInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
//return true;放行
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("处理前========");
return true;
}
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("处理后========");
}
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("清理========");
}
}
拦截器实现登录拦截功能
首先我们写一个类实现HandlerInterceptor,然后重写其中的preHandle方法
public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//return true 就是放行,return false 就是拦截
//放行:登录
if(request.getRequestURI().contains("gologin")){
return true;
}
//登录页也放行,才能存session,如果不放行,不能执行提交后的方法
if(request.getRequestURI().contains("login")){
return true;
}
//没有登录,所以session为空,让他通过执行登录方法
if(session.getAttribute("username")!=null){
return true;
}
//重定向
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
return false;
}
}
然后我们在applicationContext.xml中配置,拦截器是springmvc中的功能,所以用mvc标签打出就有提示
<!--拦截器配置-->
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<!--拦截这个请求下的所有请求-->
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<!--bean就是我们自己上面写的拦截器-->
<bean class="com.ming.config.myInterceptor"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:interceptor>
<!--拦截这个user请求下的所有请求-->
<mvc:mapping path="/user/**"/>
<bean class="com.ming.config.LoginInterceptor"/>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>