C语言实现将彩色bmp图像转化为灰图、灰度图像反色

彩色图像转灰度图像

彩色（24位）bmp图像结构：

typedef struct{
	bitmapFileHeader bfHeader;
	bitmapInfoHeader biHeader;
	unsigned char *imgData;
}bmp;

灰度（8位）bmp图像结构：

typedef struct{
	bitmapFileHeader bfHeader;
	bitmapInfoHeader biHeader;
	rgbQUAD palette[256];
	unsigned char *imgData;
}bmp;

bmp灰度图像比彩色图像多了一个调色板，调色板中每个元素的类型是一个RGBQUAD结构，占四个字节，其定义如下：

typedef struct{
	unsigned char rgbBlue;
	unsigned char rgbGreen;
	unsigned char rgbRed;
	unsigned char rgbReserved;

}rgbQUAD;

在实际的bmp图像中调色板：

代码实现将彩色bmp图像转化位灰值图像：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#pragma pack(1)   //全紧凑模式

typedef struct {
	unsigned char bfType[2];
	unsigned int bfSize;
	unsigned short bfReserved1;
	unsigned short bfReserved2;
	unsigned int bfOffBits;
}bitmapFileHeader;

typedef struct {
	unsigned int biSize;
	unsigned int biWidth;
	unsigned int biHeight;
	unsigned short biPlanes;
	unsigned short biBitCount;
	unsigned int biCompression;
	unsigned int biSizeImage;
	unsigned int biXPixPerMeter;
	unsigned int biYPixPerMeter;
	unsigned int biClrUsed;
	unsigned int biClrImportant;
}bitmapInfoHeader;


typedef struct{
	unsigned char rgbBlue;
	unsigned char rgbGreen;
	unsigned char rgbRed;
	unsigned char rgbReserved;

}rgbQUAD;

typedef struct{
	bitmapFileHeader bfHeader;
	bitmapInfoHeader biHeader;
	rgbQUAD palette[256];
	unsigned char *imgData;
}bmp;

int main(){
	FILE *fp;
	if((fp=fopen("d:\Temp\\test.bmp","rb"))==NULL){
		perror("can not open file!");
		return -1;
	}
	//读入彩色bmp图像文件头，信息头和图像数据
	bitmapFileHeader bfHeader;
	fread(&bfHeader,14,1,fp);
	bitmapInfoHeader biHeader;
	fread(&biHeader,40,1,fp);
	int imSize=biHeader.biSizeImage;
	int width=biHeader.biWidth;
	int height=biHeader.biHeight;
	int bitCount=biHeader.biBitCount;
	int lineBytes=(width*bitCount+31)/32*4;
	
	fseek(fp,bfHeader.bfOffBits,SEEK_SET);
	unsigned char*imageData=(unsigned char*)malloc(imSize*sizeof(unsigned char));
	fread(imageData,imSize*sizeof(unsigned char),1,fp);	
	fclose(fp);

	bmp b;
	int i,j,k;
	memcpy(&(b.bfHeader),&bfHeader,sizeof(bfHeader));
	memcpy(&(b.biHeader),&biHeader,sizeof(biHeader));
	b.bfHeader.bfOffBits=1078;  //因新增了调色板，需调整图像数据偏移位置
	b.biHeader.biBitCount=8;  //改变图像位数
	int lineBytes_new=(width*8+31)/32*4; //重新计算每行数据字节
	b.biHeader.biSizeImage=lineBytes_new*height; //改变图像数据大小
	b.bfHeader.bfSize=1078+b.biHeader.biSizeImage; //改变文件数据大小
	b.imgData=(unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char)*b.biHeader.biSizeImage);
	memset(b.imgData,0,sizeof(unsigned char)*b.biHeader.biSizeImage);
	for(i=0;i<256;i++){
		b.palette[i].rgbBlue=i;
		b.palette[i].rgbGreen=i;
		b.palette[i].rgbRed=i;
	}
	
	for(i=0;i<height;i++){
		for(j=0;j<width;j++){
			//将每一个像素都按公式y=B*0.299+G*0.587+R*0.114进行转化
			b.imgData[lineBytes_new*i+j]=imageData[lineBytes*i+j*3]*0.299+imageData[lineBytes*i+j*3+1]*0.587+imageData[lineBytes*i+j*3+2]*0.114;
		}
	}

	char savePath[]="D:\Temp\\save_test.bmp";
	FILE *f=fopen(savePath,"wb");
	if(f==NULL){
		perror("can not open file!");
		return -2;
	}
	fwrite(&b.bfHeader,sizeof(bitmapFileHeader),1,f);
	fwrite(&b.biHeader,sizeof(bitmapInfoHeader),1,f);
	fwrite(&b.palette,1024,1,f);
	fwrite(b.imgData,sizeof(unsigned char)*b.biHeader.biSizeImage,1,f);
	fclose(f);
	
	free(imageData);
	free(b.imgData);
	return 0;
}

代码效果：

灰度图像反色

	int i,j;
	for(i=0;i<height;i++){
		for(j=0;j<width;j++){
			b.imgData[lineBytes*i+j]=255-imageData[lineBytes*i+j];
		}
	}

代码效果：