ArcEngine之地图制图(从窗体创建、功能完善到界面美化）

说明

在地图联动开发中，运行时会遇到这样一个问题，也没具体细致去看是为什么，不过能够**“继续”运行；对于插入制图要素部分，列出的代码是实现固定类型的制图要素（除文字标题外）和固定的位置**，你也可以丰富其功能，使制图要素能够在SymbolControl控件中选择；但有一个方法使得对MapControl有作用的ToolBarControl内的工具，也对PageLayoutControl控件有作用，能够调整制图要素的位置和其内地图的显示。对于打印输出功能，类型也有很多，最简单的是直接输出MapControl视口范围的图像；也可以是只输出整个地图范围的（应用较广，更符合实际的需求），这里我不做具体介绍。

窗体界面搭建

对于窗体界面的搭建，最基本的控件包括MenuStrip、ToolBarControl、TOCControl、TabControl容器、MapControl、PageLayoutControl、LicenseControl；可能刚接触的会遇到下面的问题，当仅仅把控件放到某个位置，运行后“最大化”会发现，控件位置不会随窗体界面的增大而布局合理，因为它属于绝对布局；解决方法有两种：①使用SplitContainer容器，将对应控件放到里面，再设置它们其“Dock”属性为Fill;②使用相对布局，对添加的某些必要控件其“Anchor”属性进行设置。其实Visual Studio中每个控件它都有自己的使用方法，控件类型也非常多，属性也很全，可以作为一个专题学习，充分掌握这些能够让你做出更加“炫”的窗体程序，也会显得你与众不同。

MapControl与PageLayoutControl地图数据联动

#region 地图联动
        //地图复制函数
        private void CopyToPageLayout()
        {
            IObjectCopy pObjectCopy = new ObjectCopyClass();
            object copyFromMap = axMapControl1.Map;
            object copiedMap = pObjectCopy.Copy(copyFromMap);//复制地图到copiedMap中
            object copyToMap = axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.FocusMap;
            pObjectCopy.Overwrite(copiedMap, ref copyToMap); //复制地图
            axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.Refresh();
        }
        //axMapControl 加载的数据发生变化时，需要联动
        private void axMapControl1_OnMapReplaced(object sender, IMapControlEvents2_OnMapReplacedEvent e)
        {
            CopyToPageLayout();
        }
        //axMapControl 加载的数据发生重绘时，需要联动
        private void axMapControl1_OnAfterScreenDraw(object sender, IMapControlEvents2_OnAfterScreenDrawEvent e)
        {
            IActiveView pActiveView = (IActiveView)axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.FocusMap;
            IDisplayTransformation displayTransformation = pActiveView.ScreenDisplay.DisplayTransformation;
            displayTransformation.VisibleBounds = axMapControl1.Extent;
            axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.Refresh();
            CopyToPageLayout();
        }
        //axMapControl 中的数据显示状况发生变化时，需要联动
        private void axMapControl1_OnViewRefreshed(object sender, IMapControlEvents2_OnViewRefreshedEvent e)
        {
            axTOCControl1.Update();
            CopyToPageLayout();
        }
        #endregion

插入制图要素（标题文字、比例尺、指北针、图例）

标题文字

再添加一个窗体，主要包括一个txtbox和botton控件，用于让用户填写地图图名，然后窗体间传参即可。

#region 文字标题
        private void 文字标题_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            AddTitle addTitle = new AddTitle();
            addTitle.ShowDialog();
            string Title = addTitle.title;

            ITextElement textElement;
            ITextSymbol textSymbol;
            IColor color;
            IActiveView activeView = axPageLayoutControl1.PageLayout as IActiveView;
            IEnvelope envelope = new Envelope() as IEnvelope;
            envelope.PutCoords(7, 20, 15, 30);
            textElement = new TextElement() as ITextElement;
            IElement element = textElement as IElement;
            element.Geometry = envelope;
            textElement.Text = Title;
            textSymbol = new TextSymbol();
            IRgbColor pColor = new RgbColor();
            pColor.Red = 0;
            pColor.Green = 0;
            pColor.Blue = 0;
            color = pColor;
            textSymbol.Color = color;
            textSymbol.Size = 30;
            textElement.Symbol = textSymbol;
            IGraphicsContainer graphicsContainer = activeView as IGraphicsContainer;
            graphicsContainer.AddElement(element, 0);
            axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.Refresh();
        }
        #endregion

比例尺

#region 比例尺
        private void 比例尺ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            IActiveView pActiveView = axPageLayoutControl1.PageLayout as IActiveView;
            IMap pMap = pActiveView.FocusMap as IMap;
            IGraphicsContainer pGraphicsContainer = pActiveView as IGraphicsContainer;
            IMapFrame pMapFrame = pGraphicsContainer.FindFrame(pMap) as IMapFrame;
            pActiveView = axPageLayoutControl1.PageLayout as IActiveView;
            pMap = pActiveView.FocusMap as IMap;
            pGraphicsContainer = pActiveView as IGraphicsContainer;
            pMapFrame = pGraphicsContainer.FindFrame(pMap) as IMapFrame;//设置比例尺样式
            IMapSurround pMapSurround;
            IScaleBar pScaleBar;
            pScaleBar = new ScaleLineClass();
            pScaleBar.Units = pMap.MapUnits;
            pScaleBar.Divisions = 2;
            pScaleBar.Subdivisions = 4;
            pScaleBar.DivisionsBeforeZero = 0;
            pScaleBar.LabelPosition = esriVertPosEnum.esriBelow;
            pScaleBar.LabelGap = 3.6;
            pScaleBar.LabelFrequency = esriScaleBarFrequency.esriScaleBarDivisionsAndFirstMidpoint;

            pMapSurround = pScaleBar;
            pMapSurround.Name = "ScaleBar";
            //定义UID
            UID uid = new UID();
            uid.Value = "esriCarto.ScaleLine";
            //定义MapSurroundFrame对象      
            IMapSurroundFrame pMapSurroundFrame = pMapFrame.CreateSurroundFrame(uid, null);
            pMapSurroundFrame.MapSurround = pMapSurround;
            //定义Envelope设置Element摆放的位置
            IEnvelope pEnvelope = new EnvelopeClass();
//设置元素在pagelayout中的坐标位置，个人可调整
            pEnvelope.PutCoords(2, 1.5, 10, 2.5);             
IElement pElement = pMapSurroundFrame as IElement;
            pElement.Geometry = pEnvelope;
            pGraphicsContainer.AddElement(pElement, 0);
        }
        #endregion

指北针

#region 指北针
        private void 指北针ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            InsertNorth(axPageLayoutControl1);
        }
        public static void InsertNorth(AxPageLayoutControl axPageLayout)
        {
            IElement pElement = axPageLayout.FindElementByName("MarkerNorthArrow");
            if (pElement != null)
            {
                axPageLayout.ActiveView.GraphicsContainer.DeleteElement(pElement);  //删除已经存在的图例
            }
            IPageLayout pPageLayout = axPageLayout.PageLayout;
            IGraphicsContainer pGraphicsContainer = pPageLayout as IGraphicsContainer;
            IActiveView pActiveView = pPageLayout as IActiveView;
            UID pID = new UIDClass();
            pID.Value = "esriCore.MarkerNorthArrow";

            IMapFrame pMapFrame = pGraphicsContainer.FindFrame(pActiveView.FocusMap) as IMapFrame;
            if (pMapFrame == null) return;
            IMapSurroundFrame pMapSurroundFrame = pMapFrame.CreateSurroundFrame(pID, null);
            if (pMapSurroundFrame == null) return;
            IEnvelope pEnv = new EnvelopeClass();
            pEnv.PutCoords(16, 25, 31, 40);
            pElement = (IElement)pMapSurroundFrame;
            pElement.Geometry = pEnv;
            pMapSurroundFrame.MapSurround.Name = "MarkerNorthArrow";
            INorthArrow pNorthArrow = pMapSurroundFrame.MapSurround as INorthArrow;
            pGraphicsContainer.AddElement(pElement, 0);
            axPageLayout.ActiveView.Refresh();
        }
        #endregion

图例

private void 图例ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            InsertLegend(axPageLayoutControl1);
        }
        public void InsertLegend(AxPageLayoutControl axPageLayout)
        {
            //Get the GraphicsContainer
            IGraphicsContainer graphicsContainer = axPageLayoutControl1.GraphicsContainer;

            //Get the MapFrame
            IMapFrame mapFrame = (IMapFrame)graphicsContainer.FindFrame(axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.FocusMap);

            if (mapFrame == null) return;

            //Create a legend
            UID uID = new UIDClass();
            uID.Value = "esriCarto.Legend";

            //Create a MapSurroundFrame from the MapFrame
            IMapSurroundFrame mapSurroundFrame = mapFrame.CreateSurroundFrame(uID, null);
            if (mapSurroundFrame == null) return;
            if (mapSurroundFrame.MapSurround == null) return;
            //Set the name
            mapSurroundFrame.MapSurround.Name = "Legend";

            //Envelope for the legend
            IEnvelope envelope = new EnvelopeClass();
            envelope.PutCoords(16, 2, 19.4, 3.4);

            //Set the geometry of the MapSurroundFrame
            IElement element = (IElement)mapSurroundFrame;
            element.Geometry = envelope;

            //Add the legend to the PageLayout
            axPageLayoutControl1.AddElement(element, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, "Legend", 0);

            //Refresh the PageLayoutControl
            axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.PartialRefresh(esriViewDrawPhase.esriViewGraphics, null, null);
        }
        #endregion

保持ToolBarControl中的工具在数据和布局视图中均能够使用

所仅做上面那些，会发现使用起来用户体验感很差，首先是ToobarControl中的工具在PageLayout中已经失效，且pagelayout中数据的显示和制图要素的位置都无法移动。因此；在这里，在TabControl_SelectedIndexChanged事件中添加如下代码,实现ToolBarControl的**“伙伴”**改变

        private void tabControl1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            switch (tabControl1.SelectedIndex)
            {
                case 0:
                    axToolbarControl1.SetBuddyControl(axMapControl1);
                    break;
                case 1:
                    axToolbarControl1.SetBuddyControl(axPageLayoutControl1);
                    break;
            }
        }

窗体美化

做完了功能一定要记得给窗体化个妆、美个颜
通过将皮肤文件（.ssk），放置到工程文件中bin》debug文件，添加引用lrisSkin4，在窗体中添加skinEngine控件，然后在窗体初始化时将文件名添加进来即可（皮肤文件和引用可以网上下载）

 public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            this.skinEngine1 = new Sunisoft.IrisSkin.SkinEngine(((System.ComponentModel.Component)(this)));
            this.skinEngine1.SkinFile = Application.StartupPath + @"OneGreen.ssk";
        }

结果图