FFmpeg之音视频截取关键函数av_seek_frame

int av_seek_frame(AVFormatContext *s, int stream_index, int64_t timestamp,                             
                  int flags);

数说明：
s：输入流上下文；
stream_index：基本流索引，表示当前的seek是针对哪个基本流，比如视频或者音频等等。
timestamp：要seek的时间点，以time_base或者AV_TIME_BASE为单位。
Flags：seek标志，可以设置为按字节，在按时间seek时取该点之前还是之后的关键帧，以及不按关键帧seek等，详细请参考FFmpeg的avformat.h说明。基于FFmpeg的所有track mode几乎都是用这个函数来直接或间接实现的。

int av_seek_frame(AVFormatContext *s, int stream_index, int64_t timestamp,int flags);

        要转跳到视频100秒（100 000毫秒）处的第一个I帧（如果没有则向前找第一个）：av_seek_frame(pFormatCtx, vid_index, 100000*vid_time_scale/time_base, AVSEEK_FLAG_BACKWARD);

跳到音频80秒（80 000毫秒）处的帧（采样）：

av_seek_frame(pFormatCtx, aud_index, 80000*aud_time_scale/ time_base,AVSEEK_FLAG_BACKWARD);

跳到文件开始的地方开始播放：

av_seek_frame(pFormatCtx, vid_index, 0, AVSEEK_FLAG_BACKWARD);

#include "rtmp_source.hpp"
#include "libavutil/timestamp.h"
static void log_packet(const AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx, const AVPacket *pkt, const char *tag)
{
    // 获得对应的base
    AVRational *time_base = &fmt_ctx->streams[pkt->stream_index]->time_base;
    printf("%s: pts: %s pkt_time:%s dts:%s dts_time:%s duration:%s duration_time:%s stream_index:%d\n",
           tag,
           //    将转为字符串
           av_ts2str(pkt->pts),
           //    对应的事件的pts转为具体的时间
           av_ts2timestr(pkt->pts, time_base),
           av_ts2str(pkt->dts),
           av_ts2timestr(pkt->dts, time_base),
           av_ts2str(pkt->duration),
           av_ts2timestr(pkt->duration, time_base),
           pkt->stream_index);
}

int cut_video(double from_seconds, double end_seconds, const char *in_filename, const char *out_filename)
{
    AVOutputFormat *ofmt = nullptr;
    AVFormatContext *ifmt_ctx = nullptr;
    AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx = nullptr;

    AVPacket pkt;
    int ret, i;
    if ((ret = avformat_open_input(&ifmt_ctx, in_filename, 0, 0)) < 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error opening input file %s\n", in_filename);
        goto end;
    }
    if ((ret = avformat_find_stream_info(ifmt_ctx, 0)) < 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "can't find stream infon\n");
        goto end;
    }
    // 输出文件流的信息
    av_dump_format(ifmt_ctx, 0, in_filename, 0);
    // 创建输出上下文信息
    avformat_alloc_output_context2(&ofmt_ctx, NULL, NULL, out_filename);
    if (!ofmt_ctx)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "could not allocate output context");
        ret = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
        goto end;
    }
    ofmt = ofmt_ctx->oformat;

    for (int i = 0; i < (int)ifmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++)
    {
        AVStream *in_stream = ifmt_ctx->streams[i];
        AVStream *out_stream = avformat_new_stream(ofmt_ctx, NULL);
        if (!out_stream)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error:failed to allocate output stream\n");
            ret = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
            goto end;
        }
        ret = avcodec_parameters_copy(out_stream->codecpar, in_stream->codecpar);
        if (ret < 0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "failed to copy parameters\n");
            goto end;
        }
        out_stream->codecpar->codec_tag = 0;
        // 打印输出信息
        av_dump_format(ofmt_ctx, 0, out_filename, 1);

        if (!(ofmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
        {
            ret = avio_open(&ofmt_ctx->pb, out_filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
            if (ret < 0)
            {
                goto end;
            }
        }
        avformat_write_header(ofmt_ctx, nullptr);
        if (ret < 0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error opening");
            goto end;
        }
        ret = av_seek_frame(ifmt_ctx, -1, from_seconds * AV_TIME_BASE, AVSEEK_FLAG_ANY);
        // 定位到目标时间点
        if (ret < 0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error seek!\n");
            goto end;
        }
        int64_t *dts_start_from = (int64_t *)malloc(sizeof(int64_t) * ifmt_ctx->nb_streams);
        memset(dts_start_from, 0, sizeof(int64_t) * ifmt_ctx->nb_streams);
        int64_t *pts_start_from = (int64_t *)malloc(sizeof(int64_t) * ifmt_ctx->nb_streams);
        memset(pts_start_from, 0, sizeof(int64_t) * ifmt_ctx->nb_streams);
        while (1)
        {
            AVStream *in_stream;
            AVStream *out_stream;
            ret = av_read_frame(ifmt_ctx, &pkt);
            if (ret < 0)
            {
                break;
            }
            in_stream = ifmt_ctx->streams[pkt.stream_index];
            out_stream = ofmt_ctx->streams[pkt.stream_index];
            log_packet(ifmt_ctx, &pkt, "in");
            if (av_q2d(in_stream->time_base) * pkt.pts > end_seconds)
            {
                av_packet_unref(&pkt);
            }
            if (pts_start_from[pkt.stream_index] == 0)
            {
                pts_start_from[pkt.stream_index] = pkt.pts;
            }
            if (dts_start_from[pkt.stream_index] == 0)
            {
                dts_start_from[pkt.stream_index] = pkt.dts;
            }
            pkt.dts = av_rescale_q_rnd(pkt.dts - dts_start_from[pkt.stream_index], in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base, AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF);
            pkt.pts = av_rescale_q_rnd(pkt.pts - pts_start_from[pkt.stream_index], in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base, AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF);
            pkt.duration = av_rescale_q(pkt.duration, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base);
            pkt.pos = -1;
            ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(ofmt_ctx, &pkt);
            if (ret < 0)
            {
                break;
            }
            av_packet_free(&pkt);
        }
        free(dts_start_from);
        free(pts_start_from);
        av_write_trailer(ofmt_ctx);
    }
end:
    avformat_close_input(&ifmt_ctx);
    // g关闭输出的缓冲区的大小
    if (ofmt_ctx && !(ofmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
    {
        avio_closep(&ofmt_ctx->pb);
    }
    avformat_free_context(ofmt_ctx);
    return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    if (argc < 5)
    {
        return -1;
    }
    double start = atoi(argv[1]);
    double end = atoi(argv[2]);
    cut_video(start, end, argv[3], argv[4]);
    return 0;
}