Request_功能_hehe.employment.over.14.4

14.7 Request_功能

14.7.1 获取请求消息数据

14.7.1.1 获取请求行数据

• eg： GET /day14/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1
• 方法：
  • 1.获取请求方式 ： GET
    • String getMethod()
  • 2. (*) 获取虚拟目录： /day14
    • String getContextPath()
  • 3.获取Servlet路径: /demo1
    • String getServletPath()
  • 4.获取get方式请求参数： name=zhangsan
    • String getQueryString()
  • 5.获取请求URl： /day14/demo1
    • String getRequestURI(): /day14/demo1
    • StringBuffer getRequestURL() :http://localhost/day14/demo1
    • URL: 统一资源定位符 ： http://localhost/day14/demo1
    • URI： 统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1
  • 6.获取协议及版本： HTTP/1.1
    • String getProtocol()
  • 7.获取客户机的IP地址：
    • String getRemoteAddr()
• 示例：

package com.xww.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ServletRequest")
public class ServletRequest extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 获取请求方式 ：GET
        String method = request.getMethod();
        System.out.println(method);//GET
        //2.(*)获取虚拟目录：/day14
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath);//day14
        //3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
        String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
        System.out.println(servletPath);///ServletRequest
        //4. 获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan
        String queryString = request.getQueryString();
        System.out.println(queryString);//name=xww
        //5.(*)获取请求URI：/day14/demo1
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println(requestURI);// /day14/ServletRequest
        System.out.println(requestURL);// http://localhost:8080/day14/ServletRequest
        //6. 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1
        String protocol = request.getProtocol();
        System.out.println(protocol);//HTTP/1.1
        //7. 获取客户机的IP地址：
        String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
        System.out.println(remoteAddr);//0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
    }
}

14.7.1.2 获取请求头数据

• 方法：
  • String getHeader(String name) : 通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值。
  • Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames() : 获取所有的请求头名称。
• 示例：

package com.xww.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

@WebServlet( "/requestDemo4")
public class ServletRequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //演示获取请求头数据

        //1.获取所有请求头名称
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
        //2.遍历
        while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = headerNames.nextElement();
            //根据名称获取请求头的值
            String value = request.getHeader(name);
            System.out.println(name+"---"+value);
        }
    }
}

14.7.1.3 获取请求体数据

• 请求体： 只有POST请求方式，才有请求体，在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数。
• 步骤：
  • 1.获取流对象；
    • BufferedReader getReader()：获取字符输入流，只能操作字符数据。
    • ServletInputStream getInputStream()：获取字节输入流，可以操作所有类型数据 。
  • 2.再从流对象中拿数据。
• 示例：

package com.xww.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/requestDemo5")
public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求消息体--请求参数

        //1.获取字符流
        BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
        //2.读取数据
        String line = null;
        while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
            System.out.println(line);
            //username=xww&password=1123
        }

 - List item

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

14.7.2 其他功能

14.7.2.1 获取请求参数通用方式

• 获取请求参数通用方式： 不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数.
  • String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 ,
    username=zs&password=123;
  • String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组, hobby=xx&hobby=game;
  • Enumeration<String> getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称;
  • Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合。
  • 中文乱码问题：
    • get方式： tomcat 8 已经将get方式乱码问题解决了；
    • post方式： 会乱码。
      • 解决： 在获取参数前，设置request的编码request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
• 示例：

package com.xww.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

@WebServlet( "/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //post 获取请求参数
		request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //根据参数名称获取参数值
        String username = request.getParameter("username");

        //根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
        String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
        /*for (String hobby : hobbies) {
            System.out.println(hobby);
        }*/

        //获取所有请求的参数名称

        Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
        /*while(parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
            System.out.println(name);
            String value = request.getParameter(name);
            System.out.println(value);
            System.out.println("----------------");
        }*/

        // 获取所有参数的map集合
        Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
        //遍历
        Set<String> keyset = parameterMap.keySet();
        for (String name : keyset) {

            //获取键获取值
            String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
            System.out.println(name);
            for (String value : values) {
                System.out.println(value);
            }

            System.out.println("-----------------");
        }
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

14.7.2.2 请求转发

• 请求转发： 一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式 。
• 步骤：
  • 1.通过 request对象 获取请求转发器对象： RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
  • 2.使用 RequestDispatcher对象 来进行转发： forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
• 特点：
  • 浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化；
  • 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中；
  • 转发是一次请求。
• 图示：
  
• 示例：

package com.xww.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/requestDemo7")
public class RequestDemo7 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        System.out.println("request7....");
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo8").forward(request,response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

14.7.2.3 共享数据

• 域对象： 一个有作用范围的对象，可以在范围内共享数据
• request域： 代表一次请求的范围，一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
• 方法：
  • void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
  • Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值
  • void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对
• 示例：

package com.xww.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/requestDemo7")
public class RequestDemo7 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        request.setAttribute("name","xww");
        System.out.println("request7....");
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo8").forward(request,response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

package com.xww.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/requestDemo8")
public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("request8...");
        Object obj = request.getAttribute("name");
        System.out.println(obj);//xww
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request,response);
    }
}

14.7.2.4 获取ServletContext

• 方法：
  • ServletContext getServletContext()