洛谷 P2508 [HAOI2008]圆上的整点（数学证明+质因数分解）

题目链接

---

对$n$进行唯一分解，得到若干素数的幂乘积$p_i^{a_1}\times p_i^{a_2}\times ...p_n^{a_n}$，那么答案为：$f(x)={\prod }_{i=1}^{n}g(p_i,a_i)$

其中$g(p_i,a_i)=\{\begin{array}{rcl}1& for& p_i=2\\ 1& for& p_i\%4=3\&a_i\%2=0\\ 0& for& p_i\%4=3\&a_i\%2=1\\ a_i+1& for& p_i\%4=1\end{array}$

视频证明链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av12131743/

使用Pollard Rho质因数分解（注意是对$r^2$分解而不是$r$）：

//
// Created by Happig on 2020/8/25
//
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>

using namespace std;
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pb push_back
#define ins insert
#define Vector Point
#define lowbit(x) (x&(-x))
#define mkp(x, y) make_pair(x,y)
#define mem(a, x) memset(a,x,sizeof a);
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef pair<ll, ll> pll;
typedef pair<double, double> pdd;
const double eps = 1e-8;
const double pi = acos(-1.0);
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const double dinf = 1e300;
const ll INF = 1e18;
const int Mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int maxn = 2e5 + 10;

struct BigIntegerFactor {
    const static int maxm = 1e6 + 10;
    ll prime[maxm], p[maxm], sz, cnt;
    ll fac[10010], num[10010];

    inline ll mul(ll a, ll b, ll p) {   //wa了尝试下面的慢速乘或者改为__int128
        if (p <= 1000000000) return a * b % p;
        else if (p <= 1000000000000LL) return (((a * (b >> 20) % p) << 20) + (a * (b & ((1 << 20) - 1)))) % p;
        else {
            ll d = (ll) floor(a * (long double) b / p + 0.5);
            ll ret = (a * b - d * p) % p;
            if (ret < 0) ret += p;
            return ret;
        }
    }

    inline ll slow_mul(ll a, ll b, ll Mod) {
        ll ans = 0;
        while (b) {
            if (b & 1) ans = (ans + a) % Mod;
            a = (a + a) % Mod;
            b >>= 1;
        }
        return ans;
    }

    void init(int up) {  //传入的参数不能超过maxm,根据数据范围来定,1e5wa了就改1e6试试
        int tot = 0;
        sz = up - 1;
        for (int i = 1; i <= sz; i++) p[i] = i;
        for (int i = 2; i <= sz; i++) {
            if (p[i] == i) prime[tot++] = i;
            for (int j = 0; j < tot && 1LL * i * prime[j] <= sz; j++) {
                p[i * prime[j]] = prime[j];
                if (i % prime[j] == 0) break;
            }
        }
    }

    inline ll qkp(ll x, ll n, ll p) {
        ll ans = 1;
        while (n) {
            if (n & 1) ans = mul(ans, x, p);
            x = mul(x, x, p);
            n >>= 1;
        }
        return ans;
    }


    inline bool check(ll a, ll n) {
        ll t = 0, u = n - 1;
        while (!(u & 1)) t++, u >>= 1;
        ll x = qkp(a, u, n), xx = 0;
        while (t--) {
            xx = mul(x, x, n);
            if (xx == 1 && x != 1 && x != n - 1) return false;
            x = xx;
        }
        return xx == 1;
    }

    inline bool miller(ll n, ll k) {  //检测一个数n是否为素数,一般k取20即可
        if (n == 2) return true;
        if (n < 2 || !(n & 1)) return false;
        if (n <= sz) return p[n] == n;
        for (int i = 0; i <= k; i++) {
            if (!check(rand() % (n - 1) + 1, n)) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    inline ll gcd(ll a, ll b) {
        return b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b);
    }

    inline ll Abs(ll x) {
        return x < 0 ? -x : x;
    }

    inline ll Pollard_rho(ll n) {
        ll s = 0, t = 0, c = rand() % (n - 1) + 1, v = 1, ed = 1;
        while (1) {
            for (int i = 1; i <= ed; i++) {
                t = (mul(t, t, n) + c) % n;
                v = mul(v, Abs(t - s), n);
                if (i % 127 == 0) {
                    ll d = gcd(v, n);
                    if (d > 1) return d;
                }
            }
            ll d = gcd(v, n);
            if (d > 1) return d;
            s = t, v = 1, ed <<= 1;
        }
    }

    void getfactor(ll n) {  //得到有重复的质因子
        if (n <= sz) {
            while (n != 1) fac[cnt++] = p[n], n /= p[n];
            return;
        }
        if (miller(n, 6)) fac[cnt++] = n;
        else {
            ll d = n;
            while (d >= n) d = Pollard_rho(n);
            getfactor(d);
            getfactor(n / d);
        }
    }

    void print(ll x) {   //打印"质因子-个数"
        cnt = 0;
        getfactor(x);
        int k = 1;
        num[0] = 1;
        sort(fac, fac + cnt);
        for (int i = 1; i < cnt; i++) {
            if (fac[i] == fac[i - 1])
                num[k - 1]++;
            else {
                num[k] = 1;
                fac[k++] = fac[i];
            }
        }
        cnt = k;
        for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
            printf("%lld %lld\n", fac[i], num[i]);
    }

    void solve(ll x) {  //进行其他操作
        cnt = 0;
        getfactor(x);
        int k = 1;
        num[0] = 1;
        sort(fac, fac + cnt);
        for (int i = 1; i < cnt; i++) {
            if (fac[i] == fac[i - 1])
                num[k - 1]++;
            else {
                num[k] = 1;
                fac[k++] = fac[i];
            }
        }
        cnt = k;
    }

} Q;


int main() {
    //freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
    //freopen("out.txt","w",stdout);
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);
    ll r;
    Q.init(100000);
    cin >> r;
    r *= r;
    Q.solve(r);
    ll ans = 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < Q.cnt; i++) {
        if (Q.fac[i] == 2) continue;
        if (Q.fac[i] % 4 == 1) ans *= Q.num[i] + 1;
        else {
            if (Q.num[i] & 1) {
                ans = 0;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    cout << ans * 4 << "\n";
    return 0;
}