设计模式 之 简单工厂模式

简单工厂模式属于创建型模式，又叫静态工厂方法。
功能：通过一个简单的工厂类来封装对象的实例化过程。类图如下图所示：

运算类 为基类，加法类、减法类、乘法类、除法类 继承 运算类。
独立的一个 简单工厂类 用于实例化子类。向 createOperation() 方法传递不同的参数，会实例化不同的子类对象。实例化后的子类对象可以调用各自的 getResult() 方法，进行不同的运算。

C++代码示例：
Operation.h

#pragma once
//运算类
class Operation	
{
public:
	double numA;					//两个操作数
	double numB;
	virtual double getResult(void) = 0;//获取运算结果
};
//加法类
class OperationAdd :public Operation
{
public:
	 double getResult(void)override;
};
//减法类
class OperationSub :public Operation
{
public:
	double getResult(void)override;
};
//乘法类
class OperationMul :public Operation
{
public:
	double getResult(void)override;
};
//除法类
class OperationDiv :public Operation
{
public:
	double getResult(void)override;
};
//运算类型
enum operate
{
	ADD,
	SUB,
	MUL,
	DIV
};
//简单工厂类
class OperationFactory
{
public:
	static Operation* creatOperate(int);//创建实例化对象。注意此方法为 静态 函数。
};

Operation.cpp

#include "Operation.h"

double OperationAdd::getResult()
{
	return numA + numB;				//返回两数之和
}
double OperationSub::getResult()
{
	return numA - numB;				//返回两数之差
}
double OperationMul::getResult()
{
	return numA * numB;				//返回两数的乘积
}
double OperationDiv::getResult()
{
	return numA / numB;				//返回A/B的值
}
//OP：实例子类的类型
Operation* OperationFactory::creatOperate(int OP)
{
	Operation *oper =nullptr;
	switch (OP)
	{
	case ADD:
		oper = new OperationAdd();//创建加法类对象
		break;
	case SUB:
		oper = new OperationSub();//创建减法类对象
		break;
	case MUL:
		oper = new OperationMul();//创建乘法类对象
		break;
	case DIV:
		oper = new OperationDiv();//创建除法类对象
		break;
	}
	return oper;				 //返回创建的子类对象
}

main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "Operation.h"

using namespace std;
int main()
{
    Operation *oper = NULL;
    //加法运算
    oper = OperationFactory::creatOperate(ADD);
    oper->numA = 1;
    oper->numB = 2;
    cout<< oper->getResult()<<endl;
    //减法运算
    oper = OperationFactory::creatOperate(SUB);
    oper->numA = 100;
    oper->numB = 1;
    cout << oper->getResult()<< endl;
    //乘法运算
    oper = OperationFactory::creatOperate(MUL);
    oper->numA = 3;
    oper->numB = 4;
    cout << oper->getResult() << endl;
    //除法运算
    oper = OperationFactory::creatOperate(DIV);
    oper->numA = 1;
    oper->numB = 4;
    cout << oper->getResult() << endl;
    
    delete oper;
    return 0;
}

VS中运行结果如下：