0.2-java网络编程

java网络编程

1.概述

• 计算机网络
• 网络编程目的
• 需要什么
  • IP定位网络上一台主机
  • 如何传输数据

2.网络通信要素

通信双方地址：

• IP
• 端口号

网络通信协议

3.IP

//InetAddress

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TestInetAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            //           .getLocalHost();
            InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(address);

            InetAddress address1 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(address1);

            //常用方法
            System.out.println(address1.getCanonicalHostName()); //规范名字
            System.out.println(address1.getHostAddress()); // ip
            System.out.println(address1.getHostName()); // 域名，或自己电脑名字

        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

4.端口

• 不同进程不同端口号

• 0~65535

• 端口分类

  • 公有端口0~1023

    • HTTP:80
    • HTTPS:443
    • FTP:21
    • Telent:23

  • 程序注册端口 1024~49151

    • Tomcat:8080
    • MySQL:3306
    • Oracle:1521

  • 动态、私有 49152~65535

    netstat -ano #查看所有端口
    netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定端口
    tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看指定端口进程
    

5.通信协议

6.TCP

• Client

  import java.io.*;
  import java.net.Socket;
  
  public class TcpClient {
      public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
          //1.创建一个Socket连接
          Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",9000);
          //2.创建一个输出流
          OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
          //3.读取本地文件
          FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\LongWayOfJava\\download\\hello.txt");
          //4.输出到客户端
          byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
          int len = 0;
          while((len=fin.read(buffer))!=-1){
              outputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
          }
          //通知服务器，传输结束
          socket.shutdownOutput();
  
          //确定服务器接收完毕
          InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
          ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
          byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
          int len2 = 0;
          while((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
              byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer2,0,len2);
          }
          System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
  
          //关闭资源
          byteArrayOutputStream.close();
          inputStream.close();
          fin.close();
          outputStream.close();
          socket.close();
      }
  }
  

• Server

  import java.io.*;
  import java.net.ServerSocket;
  import java.net.Socket;
  import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
  
  public class TcpServer {
      public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
          //1.创建服务
          ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
          //2.监听客户端的连接
          Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
          //3.获取输入流
          InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
          //4.读取客户端输入，并输出保存到本地
          FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\LongWayOfJava\\download\\server01.txt");
          byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
          int len = 0;
          while((len = inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
              fout.write(buffer,0,len);
          }
          //通知客户端接收完毕
          OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
          out.write("over".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
  
          //关闭资源
          fout.close();
          inputStream.close();
          out.close();
          serverSocket.close();
      }
  }
  

7.UDP

• Client

  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.net.*;
  import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
  
  public class UdpClient {
      public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
          //1.建立一个socket
          DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();
          //2.生成一个数据包
          InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");//接收方地址
          String msg = "hello";
          int port = 9000;
          DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,address,port);
          //3.发送包
          datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
          //4.关闭流
          datagramSocket.close();
      }
  }
  

• Server

  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.net.DatagramPacket;
  import java.net.DatagramSocket;
  import java.net.SocketException;
  
  public class UdpServer {
      public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
          //开放端口
          DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(9000);
          //接收数据包
          byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
          DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
  
          datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket); // 阻塞接收
          
          System.out.println(datagramPacket.getAddress().getHostAddress());
          System.out.println(new String(datagramPacket.getData(),0,datagramPacket.getLength()));
  
          //关闭连接
          datagramSocket.close();
      }
  }
  

8.URL

URL：统一资源定位符

协议://IP:PORT/项目名/资源

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class URLDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        URL url = new URL("http://www.baidu.com");
        System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //协议
        System.out.println(url.getHost()); //主机IP
        System.out.println(url.getPort()); //端口
        System.out.println(url.getPath()); //全路径
        System.out.println(url.getFile()); //文件
        System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //参数

        //下载文件
        //1.下载地址
        String path = "";
        URL url2 = new URL(path);
        //2.连接到该资源
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream("file.txt");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fout.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        fout.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();

    }
}