java网络

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-26 16:40:46 发布

飞花落雨中

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-26 16:40:46 发布

阅读量182

点赞数

分类专栏：跟韩顺平学java 文章标签： java 网络

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44761778/article/details/128078798

版权

跟韩顺平学java 专栏收录该内容

36 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

网络

TCP

TCP 快速入门(字节流)

快速实现本机 client 发送一句话给server server回一句（字节流）
注意： socket.shutdownOutput();//设置结束标记
Server

public class Server {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9997);
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//有客户端连接 返回socket对象  程序继续
        byte[] read = new byte[1024];
        int readLen;
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        while((readLen = inputStream.read(read)) != -1){
            System.out.println(new String(read,0,readLen));
        }

        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        outputStream.write("你也好".getBytes());
        socket.shutdownOutput();//设置结束标记
        
        outputStream.close();
        inputStream.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

Client

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(),9997);
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        outputStream.write("哈哈，你好！".getBytes());
        socket.shutdownOutput();

        byte[] read = new byte[1024];
        int readLen;
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        while((readLen = inputStream.read(read)) != -1){
            System.out.println(new String(read,0,readLen));
            System.out.println("拜拜");
        }
        outputStream.close();
        inputStream.close();
        socket.close();

    }
}

TCP 快速入门(字符流)

注意：bufferedWriter.newLine(); //结束标记
bufferedWriter.flush(); //要写啊
后打开的流尽量先关闭
Server

public class Server {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9997);
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//有客户端连接 返回socket对象  程序继续

        String   readLine;
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream); //转换流
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
        System.out.println(bufferedReader.readLine()); //别用while ,client就相当于写了一行

        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(outputStreamWriter);
        bufferedWriter.write("你也好啊！");
        bufferedWriter.newLine(); //结束标记
        bufferedWriter.flush(); //要写啊

        bufferedWriter.close();
        bufferedReader.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

Client

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(),9997);
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(outputStreamWriter);
        bufferedWriter.write("哈哈，你好！");
        bufferedWriter.newLine(); //结束标记
        bufferedWriter.flush(); //

        String   readLine;
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream); //转换流
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);

        System.out.println(bufferedReader.readLine());
        System.out.println("拜拜");
        bufferedReader.close();
        bufferedWriter.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

TCP快速入门（client上传个图片01）

client发送图片给server ，server收到后回复一句话.
这里采用边读边发的模式
server用的是包装字节流，想着像下面这么用
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write(“你也好”.getBytes());
socket.shutdownOutput();//设置结束标记
outputStream.close(); 用 bufferedOutputStream.write(“收到了”.getBytes()); 直接关闭，加上shutdown会报错具体后续研究

Server

public class Server {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9997);
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//有客户端连接 返回socket对象  程序继续

        int   readLine;
        byte[] read = new byte[102400];
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(inputStream);

        BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("src\\胡歌.jpeg"));

        while((readLine =bufferedInputStream.read(read))!=-1){
            bufferedOutputStream.write(read,0,readLine);
        }

        bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
        bufferedOutputStream.write("收到了".getBytes());

//        socket.shutdownOutput();//Cannot send after socket shutdown: socket write error
        bufferedOutputStream.close();
//        socket.shutdownOutput();//Socket is closed
        bufferedInputStream.close();

        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

Client

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(),9997);
        String path = "d:\\胡歌.jpeg";
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();//client 发送
        BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(outputStream);

        int redLine ;
        byte[] read = new byte[120400];
        BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(path)); //读取磁盘文件的输入包装流
        while((redLine = bufferedInputStream.read(read)) != -1){
            bufferedOutputStream.write(read,0,redLine);
            System.out.println("bufferedOutputStream.write :" + redLine);
        }

        socket.shutdownOutput();//

        bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
        while((redLine = bufferedInputStream.read(read)) != -1){
            System.out.println(new String(read,0,redLine));
        }

        bufferedOutputStream.close();
        bufferedInputStream.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

TCP快速入门（client上传个图片02）

Server

public class Server {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9996);
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//有客户端连接 返回socket对象  程序继续

        BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
        byte[] bytes = StreamUtils.streamToByteArray(bufferedInputStream);

        BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("src\\1.jpeg"));
        bufferedOutputStream.write(bytes);
        bufferedOutputStream.close();


        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
        bufferedWriter.write("收到了");
        bufferedWriter.flush();
        socket.shutdownOutput();

        bufferedWriter.close();
        bufferedInputStream.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

Client

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(),9996);
        String path = "d:\\1.jpg";
        BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(path)); //读取磁盘文件的输入包装流
        byte[] bytes = StreamUtils.streamToByteArray(bufferedInputStream);

        BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
        bufferedOutputStream.write(bytes);

        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        System.out.println(StreamUtils.streamToString(inputStream));
        inputStream.close();


        bufferedInputStream.close();
        socket.shutdownOutput();
        bufferedOutputStream.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

StreamUtils

public class StreamUtils {
	/**
	 * 功能：将输入流转换成byte[]， 即可以把文件的内容读入到byte[]
	 * @param is
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] streamToByteArray(InputStream is) throws Exception{
		ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();//创建输出流对象
		byte[] b = new byte[1024];//字节数组
		int len;
		while((len=is.read(b))!=-1){//循环读取
			bos.write(b, 0, len);//把读取到的数据，写入bos	
		}
		byte[] array = bos.toByteArray();//然后将bos 转成字节数组
		bos.close();
		return array;
	}
	/**
	 * 功能：将InputStream转换成String
	 * @param is
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	
	public static String streamToString(InputStream is) throws Exception{
		BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
		StringBuilder builder= new StringBuilder();
		String line;
		while((line=reader.readLine())!=null){
			builder.append(line+"\r\n");
		}
		return builder.toString();
	
	}
}

TCP下载文件

client 从server下载个图片

public class Server03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9995);
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
        String path = "d:\\";
        String filename = StreamUtils.streamToString(socket.getInputStream());
        File file = new File(path + filename);
        System.out.println("收到 ：" +filename);
        String sendFileName = "胡歌.jpeg";
        if(file.exists()){
            sendFileName = filename;
        }
        //读取服务器文件
        BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(path + sendFileName));
        byte[] bytes = StreamUtils.streamToByteArray(bufferedInputStream); //图片
        System.out.println(bytes.length);
        BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
        bufferedOutputStream.write(bytes);
        bufferedOutputStream.flush();
        socket.shutdownOutput();

        bufferedInputStream.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }

}

public class Client03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 9995);
        System.out.println("请输入你想要的图片:");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String filename = scanner.next();

        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
        bufferedWriter.write(filename);
        bufferedWriter.newLine();
        bufferedWriter.close();
//        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
//        outputStream.write(filename.getBytes());
//        socket.shutdownOutput();
//        outputStream.close();

        BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
        byte[] bytes = StreamUtils.streamToByteArray(bufferedInputStream);

        BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("src\\" + filename));
        bufferedOutputStream.write(bytes);

        bufferedOutputStream.close();
        bufferedInputStream.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

TCP细节

当客户端来连接到服务端后，实际上客户端也是通过一个端口和服务端进行通讯的，这个端口是TCP/IP来分配的，是不确定的随机的。

UDP

基本流程

1.核心类 DatagramSocket 与DatagramPacket
2.建立发送接收端
3.发送数据前，建立数据报/DatagramPacket
4.用DatagramSocket发送接收方法
5.关闭DatagramSocket

UDP使用

收发消息一次
UDPReceiver

public class UDPReceiver {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //创建DatagramSocket准备接受数据
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(9990);
        //创建DatagramPacket对象准备接受数据  UDP最大数据64K
        byte[] bytes = new byte[64*1024];
        //调用接受方法 DatagramPacket对象填充到datagramPacket
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, bytes.length);
        datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);//有数据包发送到本机端口 会接收到数据，没有数据过来会阻塞
        // datagramPacket拆包
        int length = datagramPacket.getLength();
        byte[] data = datagramPacket.getData();
        System.out.println(new String(data,0,length));

        byte[] bytes1 = "来者犹可追！".getBytes();
        datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes1, bytes1.length, InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 9991);
        datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);

        //关闭socket
        datagramSocket.close();

    }
}

UDPSender

public class UDPSender {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(9991);
        byte[] bytes = "往者不可谏".getBytes();
        //更多时候用 InetAddress.getAllByName("ip")
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, bytes.length, InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 9990);
        datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);

        byte[] bytes1 = new byte[64*1024];
        //调用接受方法 DatagramPacket对象填充到datagramPacket
        datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes1, bytes1.length);
        datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);//有数据包发送到本机端口 会接收到数据，没有数据过来会阻塞
        // datagramPacket拆包
        int length = datagramPacket.getLength();
        byte[] data = datagramPacket.getData();
        System.out.println(new String(data,0,length));

        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}