注:#比较难的题目–12,19,22,24,25,42,46(基于oracle编写),其余题目均是基于mysql。
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1.首先说明几个表的关系
如下图所示。一共四个表student、score、course、teacher。其中student表中有字段s_id,s_name,s_birth,s_sex;score表中有字段s_id,c_id,s_score;course表中有字段c_id,c_name,t_id;teacher表中有字段t_id,t_name;各表两两相互关联。
2.建立数据库与表
需要的同学可直接复制下面这段
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS my_test50;
CREATE DATABASE my_test50;
#建学生表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS student;
CREATE TABLE student(
s_id VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY,
s_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
s_birth VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
s_sex VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''
);
#建课程表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS course;
CREATE TABLE course(
c_id VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY,
c_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
t_id VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL
);
#建教师表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS teacher;
CREATE TABLE teacher(
t_id VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY,
t_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''
);
#建成绩表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS score;
CREATE TABLE score(
s_id VARCHAR(20),
c_id VARCHAR(20),
s_score INT(3),
PRIMARY KEY(s_id,c_id)
);
#插入学生表数据
INSERT INTO student
VALUES('01','赵雷','1990-01-01','男'),
('02','钱电','1990-12-21','男'),
('03','孙风','1990-05-20','男'),
('04','李云','1990-08-06','男'),
('05','周梅','1991-12-01','女'),
('06','吴兰','1992-03-01','女'),
('07','郑竹','1989-07-01','女'),
('08','王菊','1990-01-20','女');
#插入课程表数据
INSERT INTO course
VALUES('01','语文','02'),
('02','数学','01'),
('03','英语','03');
#插入教师表数据
INSERT INTO teacher
VALUES('01','张三'),
('02','李四'),
('03','王五');
#插入成绩表数据
INSERT INTO score
VALUES('01','01','80'),
('01','02','90'),
('01','03','99'),
('02','01','70'),
('02','02','60'),
('02','03','80'),
('03','01','80'),
('03','02','80'),
('03','03','80'),
('04','01','50'),
('04','02','30'),
('04','03','20'),
('05','01','76'),
('05','02','87'),
('06','01','31'),
('06','03','34'),
('07','02','89'),
('07','03','98');
3.开始做题
1.查询课程编号为01的课程比02的课程成绩高的所有学生的学号(重点*)
#step1.在score表中查询课程编号为01的学生编号和分数
SELECT s_id,s_score FROM score WHERE c_id='01';
#step2.在score表中查询课程编号为02的学生编号和分数
SELECT s_id,s_score FROM score WHERE c_id='02';
#step3.将student表和step1与step2得出的表连接
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name,a.s_score,b.s_score
FROM student st
INNER JOIN (SELECT s_id,s_score FROM score WHERE c_id='01') a ON st.s_id=a.s_id
INNER JOIN (SELECT s_id,s_score FROM score WHERE c_id='02') b ON st.s_id=b.s_id
WHERE a.s_score>b.s_score;
2.查询平均成绩大于60分的学生的学号和平均成绩(重点)
SELECT s_id,AVG(s_score)
FROM score
GROUP BY s_id
HAVING AVG(s_score)>60;
3.查询所有学生的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩(不重要)
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name,COUNT(sc.c_id),SUM(sc.s_score)
FROM student st
INNER JOIN score sc
ON st.s_id=sc.s_id
GROUP BY st.s_id;
4.查询姓“猴”的老师的个数(不重要)
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM teacher
WHERE t_name LIKE '猴%';
5.查询没学过“张三”老师课程的学生的学号、姓名(重点)
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name
FROM student st
WHERE st.s_id NOT IN (
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM score sc
INNER JOIN course co ON sc.c_id=co.`c_id`
INNER JOIN teacher te ON co.t_id =te.t_id
WHERE te.t_name='张三'
);
6.查询学过“张三”老师课程的学生的学号、姓名(重点)
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name
FROM student st
WHERE st.s_id IN (
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM score sc
INNER JOIN course co ON sc.c_id=co.`c_id`
INNER JOIN teacher te ON co.t_id =te.t_id
WHERE te.t_name='张三'
);
7.查询学过编号为’01’课程并且也学过’02’课程的学生的学号、姓名(重点)
#step1.查询学过编号为'01'课程的学生编号
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM score sc
WHERE sc.c_id='01';
#step2.查询学过编号为'02'课程的学生编号
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM score sc
WHERE sc.c_id='02';
#step3.查询出step1与step2的交集
SELECT s_id1.s_id
FROM (
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM score sc
WHERE sc.c_id='01'
) s_id1
INNER JOIN (
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM score sc
WHERE sc.c_id='02'
) s_id2
ON s_id1.s_id=s_id2.s_id;
#step4.查询出step3结果下的学生学号和姓名
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name
FROM student st
WHERE st.s_id IN (
SELECT s_id1.s_id
FROM (
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM score sc
WHERE sc.c_id='01'
) s_id1
INNER JOIN (
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM score sc
WHERE sc.c_id='02'
) s_id2
ON s_id1.s_id=s_id2.s_id
);
7.1.查询学过编号为’01’课程但没学过’02’课程的学生的学号、姓名(重点)
#step1.
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM score sc
WHERE sc.c_id='01'
#step2.
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM score sc
WHERE sc.c_id='02'
#step3.
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name
FROM student st
WHERE st.s_id IN(
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM score sc
WHERE sc.c_id='01'
) AND st.s_id NOT IN (
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM score sc
WHERE sc.c_id='02'
);
8.查询课程编号为’02’的总成绩(不重点)
SELECT SUM(sc.s_score)
FROM score sc
WHERE sc.c_id='02';
9.查询所有课程成绩小于60分的学生的学号、姓名(重点)
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name
FROM score sc
INNER JOIN student st ON st.s_id=sc .s_id
GROUP BY sc.s_id
HAVING SUM(sc.s_score)<60*COUNT(sc.c_id);
10.查询没有学完所有课的学生的学号、姓名(重点)
#step1.计算出课程总数目
SELECT COUNT(co.c_id)
FROM course co;
#step2.在表score查询出课程数目小于step1的学生编号
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM score sc
GROUP BY sc.s_id
HAVING COUNT(sc.c_id)<(
SELECT COUNT(co.c_id)
FROM course co
);
#step3.在表student中找出学号符合step2的学号和姓名
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name
FROM student st
WHERE st.s_id IN (
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM score sc
GROUP BY sc.s_id
HAVING COUNT(sc.c_id)<(
SELECT COUNT(co.c_id)
FROM course co
)
);
11.查询至少有一门课与学号为’01’的学生所学课程相同的学生的学号和姓名(重点)
#step1.在score表中查询出学号为'01'的学生所选的所有课程编号
SELECT sc.c_id
FROM score sc
WHERE sc.s_id='01';
#step2.将表student与表score连接,选出其中除了课程'01',任意有一门课程编号在step1中的学号和姓名
SELECT DISTINCT st.s_id,st.s_name
FROM student st
INNER JOIN score sc ON st.s_id=sc.s_id
WHERE sc.c_id = ANY( #此处的=any换为 in 效果一样
SELECT sc.c_id
FROM score sc
WHERE sc.s_id='01'
) AND sc.s_id != '01';
12.查询和’01’号同学所学课程完全相同的其他同学的学号(重点,超级难)
SELECT s_id
FROM score
WHERE s_id!='01'
AND s_id NOT IN (
SELECT s_id
FROM score
WHERE c_id NOT IN (
SELECT c_id FROM score WHERE s_id='01'
)
)
GROUP BY s_id
HAVING COUNT(*)=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score WHERE s_id='01');
13.查询没学过’张三’老师讲授的任何一门课程的学生姓名(重点,同47题)
#1.连接表score和表course和表teacher查询出学过'张三'老师课程的学生编号
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM score sc
INNER JOIN course co ON sc.c_id=co.`c_id`
INNER JOIN teacher te ON co.`t_id`=te.t_id
WHERE te.t_name='张三';
#2.在表student查询出不包含步骤1的学号
SELECT st.s_name
FROM student st
WHERE st.s_id NOT IN (
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM score sc
INNER JOIN course co ON sc.c_id=co.`c_id`
INNER JOIN teacher te ON co.`t_id`=te.t_id
WHERE te.t_name='张三'
);
15.查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号、姓名及其平均成绩(重点)
#1.在score表中查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号
SELECT *,AVG(sc.s_score) ag
FROM score sc
WHERE sc.s_score<60
GROUP BY sc.s_id
HAVING COUNT(sc.c_id)>=2;
#2.将表student与步骤1连接起来
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name,a.ag
FROM student st
INNER JOIN (
SELECT *,AVG(sc.s_score) ag
FROM score sc
WHERE sc.s_score<60
GROUP BY sc.s_id
HAVING COUNT(sc.c_id)>=2
)a ON st.s_id=a.s_id;
#方法二:
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name,AVG(sc.s_score)
FROM score sc
INNER JOIN student st ON st.s_id=sc.s_id
WHERE sc.s_score<60
GROUP BY sc.s_id
HAVING COUNT(sc.s_score)>=2;
16.检索’01’课程分数小于60,按分数降序排列的学生信息(和34题重复,不重点)
SELECT *
FROM student st
INNER JOIN score sc
ON st.s_id=sc.s_id
WHERE c_id='01'
AND s_score<60
ORDER BY s_score DESC;
17.按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩(重点,与35一样)(挺难的)
SELECT sc.s_id,st.s_name,
MIN(CASE WHEN c_id='02' THEN s_score ELSE NULL END) '数学', #此处的min和max没有别的意思,只是为了将筛选的值取出
MAX(CASE WHEN c_id='01' THEN s_score ELSE NULL END) '语文',
MAX(CASE WHEN c_id='03' THEN s_score ELSE NULL END) '英语',
AVG(sc.s_score) '平均成绩'
FROM score sc
INNER JOIN student st ON st.s_id=sc.s_id
GROUP BY sc.s_id
ORDER BY AVG(sc.s_score) DESC;
18.查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:以如下形式显示:课程ID,课程name,最高分,最低分,平均分
#及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率。
#及格为>=60,中等为70-80,优良为80-90,优秀为>=90(超级重点,超级好的题目)
SELECT sc.c_id,co.c_name,MAX(sc.s_score),MIN(sc.s_score),AVG(sc.s_score),
AVG(CASE WHEN sc.s_score>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) '及格率',
AVG(CASE WHEN sc.s_score>=70 AND sc.s_score<80 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)'中等率',
AVG(CASE WHEN sc.s_score>=80 AND sc.s_score<90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)'优良率',
AVG(CASE WHEN sc.s_score>=90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)'优秀率'
FROM score sc
INNER JOIN course co ON sc.c_id=co.c_id
GROUP BY sc.c_id;
19.按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名,score重复时保留名次空缺(重点)(不会做,难度爆炸)
#orcale
SELECT s_id,c_id,s_score,row_number() over (ORDER BY s_score DESC)
FROM score;
#mysql
SELECT a.c_id, a.s_id, a.s_score, COUNT(b.s_score)+1 AS rank
FROM score AS a
LEFT JOIN score AS b
ON a.s_score<b.s_score AND a.c_id = b.c_id
GROUP BY a.c_id, a.s_id,a.s_score
ORDER BY a.c_id, rank ASC;
20.查询学生的总成绩并进行排名(不重点)
SELECT sc.s_id,SUM(sc.s_score)
FROM score sc
GROUP BY sc.s_id
ORDER BY SUM(sc.s_score)DESC;
21.查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示(不重点)
SELECT te.t_id,te.t_name,co.c_name,AVG(sc.s_score)
FROM score sc
INNER JOIN course co ON sc.c_id=co.`c_id`
INNER JOIN teacher te ON co.`t_id`=te.t_id
GROUP BY sc.c_id
ORDER BY AVG(sc.s_score)DESC;
22.查询所有课程的成绩第二名到第三名的学生信息及该课程成绩(重要,与25类似)
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT st.*,c_id,s_score,row_number() over(PARTITION BY c_id ORDER BY s_score DESC)m
FROM score sc INNER JOIN student st ON sc.s_id=st.s_id) a
WHERE m IN (2,3);
23.使用分段[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[<60]来统计各科成绩,分别统计各分数段人数、课程ID和课程名称(重点,类似18题)
SELECT co.c_id,co.c_name,
COUNT(CASE WHEN sc.s_score<60 THEN 1 ELSE NULL END)'低于60的人数',
COUNT(CASE WHEN sc.s_score>=60 AND sc.s_score<70 THEN 1 ELSE NULL END)'60-70的人数',
COUNT(CASE WHEN sc.s_score>=70 AND sc.s_score<85 THEN 1 ELSE NULL END)'70-85的人数',
COUNT(CASE WHEN sc.s_score>=85 AND sc.s_score<=100 THEN 1 ELSE NULL END)'85-100的人数'
FROM score sc
INNER JOIN course co
ON sc.c_id=co.c_id
GROUP BY sc.c_id;
24.查询学生平均成绩及其名次(同19题,重点)
SELECT s_id,AVG(s_score),row_number()over(ORDER BY AVG(s_score)DESC)
FROM score
GROUP BY s_id;
25.查询各科成绩前三名的记录(不考虑成绩并列情况)(重点,类似22题)
SELECT c_id,
MAX(CASE WHEN m=1 THEN s_score ELSE NULL END)'第一',
MAX(CASE WHEN m=2 THEN s_score ELSE NULL END)'第二',
MAX(CASE WHEN m=3 THEN s_score ELSE NULL END)'第三'
FROM (SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name,st.s_birth,st.s_sex,c_id,s_score,row_number() over(PARTITION BY c_id ORDER BY s_score DESC)m
FROM score sc INNER JOIN student st ON sc.s_id=st.s_id) s
WHERE m IN (1,2,3)
GROUP BY c_id;
26.查询每门课程被选修的学生数(不重点)
SELECT sc.c_id,COUNT(sc.s_id)
FROM score sc
GROUP BY sc.c_id;
27.查询出只有两门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名(不重点)
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name
FROM score sc
INNER JOIN student st ON sc.s_id=st.s_id
GROUP BY sc.s_id
HAVING COUNT(sc.c_id)=2;
28.查询男生、女生人数(不重点)
SELECT s_sex,COUNT(s_id)
FROM student
GROUP BY s_sex;
29.查询名字中含有’风’字的学生信息(不重点)
SELECT *
FROM student st
INNER JOIN score sc ON sc.s_id=st.s_id
WHERE st.s_name LIKE '%风%';
31.查询1990年出生的学生名单(重点)
SELECT *
FROM student st
WHERE st.s_birth LIKE '%1990%';
#或者
SELECT *
FROM student st
WHERE YEAR(st.s_birth)=1990;
32.查询平均成绩大于等于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩(不重要)
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name,AVG(sc.s_score)
FROM student st
INNER JOIN score sc ON st.s_id=sc.s_id
GROUP BY sc.s_id
HAVING AVG(sc.s_score)>=85;
33.查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩升序排序,平均成绩相同时,按课程号降序排序(不重要)
SELECT c_id,AVG(sc.s_score)
FROM score sc
GROUP BY sc.c_id
ORDER BY AVG(sc.s_score),sc.c_id DESC;
34.查询课程名称为’数学’,且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数(不重点)
SELECT st.s_name,sc.s_score
FROM student st
INNER JOIN score sc ON st.s_id=sc.s_id
INNER JOIN course co ON sc.c_id=co.c_id
WHERE co.c_name='数学'
AND sc.s_score<60;
35.查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(重点)**
#自己写的
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name,
MIN(CASE WHEN c_id='01' THEN sc.s_score ELSE NULL END)'语文',
MIN(CASE WHEN c_id='02' THEN sc.s_score ELSE NULL END)'数学',
MIN(CASE WHEN c_id='03' THEN sc.s_score ELSE NULL END)'英语'
FROM student st
INNER JOIN score sc
ON st.s_id=sc.s_id
GROUP BY st.s_id;
#方法二
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name,
(SELECT s_score FROM score sc WHERE sc.c_id='01'AND sc.s_id=st.s_id)'语文',
(SELECT s_score FROM score sc WHERE sc.c_id='02'AND sc.s_id=st.s_id)'数学',
(SELECT s_score FROM score sc WHERE sc.c_id='03'AND sc.s_id=st.s_id)'英语'
FROM student st
INNER JOIN score sc ON st.s_id=sc.s_id
GROUP BY sc.s_id;
36.查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数(重点)
#注:不用group by
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name,co.c_name,sc.s_score
FROM student st
INNER JOIN score sc ON st.s_id=sc.s_id
INNER JOIN course co ON sc.c_id=co.c_id
WHERE sc.s_score>70;
37.查询不及格的课程并按课程号从大到小排列(不重点)
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name,sc.c_id,co.c_name,sc.s_score
FROM score sc
INNER JOIN course co ON sc.c_id=co.c_id
INNER JOIN student st ON st.s_id=sc.s_id
WHERE sc.s_score<60
ORDER BY sc.c_id DESC;
38.查询课程编号为03且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名(不重要)
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name,sc.s_score
FROM student st
INNER JOIN score sc ON st.s_id=sc.s_id
WHERE sc.c_id='03'
AND sc.s_score>80;
39.求每门课程的学生人数(不重要)
SELECT sc.c_id,COUNT(sc.s_id)
FROM score sc
GROUP BY sc.c_id;
40.查询选修’张三’老师所授课程的学生中成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩(重要top)
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name,sc.s_score
FROM student st
INNER JOIN score sc ON st.s_id=sc.s_id
INNER JOIN course co ON sc.c_id=co.`c_id`
INNER JOIN teacher te ON co.`t_id`=te.t_id
WHERE te.t_name='张三'
ORDER BY sc.s_score DESC LIMIT 1;
41.查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩(重点)
SELECT a.s_id,a.c_id,b.c_id,c.c_id,a.s_score,b.s_score,c.s_score
FROM
(SELECT s_id,c_id,s_score FROM score WHERE c_id='01') a
INNER JOIN
(SELECT s_id,c_id,s_score FROM score WHERE c_id='02') b ON a.s_id=b.s_id
INNER JOIN
(SELECT s_id,c_id,s_score FROM score WHERE c_id='03') c ON b.s_id=c.s_id
WHERE a.s_score=b.s_score AND b.s_score=c.s_score;
42.查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名(同22和25题)
SELECT st.s_id,c_id,
MAX(CASE WHEN m=1 THEN s_score ELSE NULL END)'第一',
MAX(CASE WHEN m=2 THEN s_score ELSE NULL END)'第二'
FROM (SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name,st.s_birth,st.s_sex,c_id,s_score,row_number() over(PARTITION BY c_id ORDER BY s_score DESC)m
FROM score sc INNER JOIN student st ON sc.s_id=st.s_id) s
WHERE m IN (1,2)
GROUP BY c_id;
43.统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过5人的课程才统计),要求输出课程号和选修人数,
#查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列(不重要)
SELECT sc.c_id,COUNT(sc.s_id)
FROM score sc
GROUP BY sc.c_id
HAVING COUNT(sc.s_id)>5
ORDER BY COUNT(sc.s_id) DESC,sc.c_id ASC;
44.检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号(不重要)
SELECT sc.s_id,COUNT(sc.c_id)
FROM score sc
GROUP BY sc.s_id
HAVING COUNT(sc.c_id)>=2;
45.查询选修了全部课程的学生信息(重点)
#step1.查询一共有多少门课程
SELECT COUNT(co.c_id)
FROM course co;
#step2.查询选修课程数=step1的学生信息
SELECT st.s_id,st.s_name,COUNT(sc.c_id)
FROM student st
INNER JOIN score sc ON st.s_id=sc.s_id
GROUP BY st.s_id
HAVING COUNT(sc.c_id)=(
SELECT COUNT(co.c_id)
FROM course co
);
46.查询各学生的年龄(精确到月份)(重点记,注意区分datediff和timestampdiff的区别)
SELECT s_id,s_birth,
TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH,s_birth,'2020-8-10') 年龄(月)
FROM student;
SELECT DATEDIFF('2020-4-12','2020-3-12'); #返回的是天数
47.查询没学过’张三’老师讲授的任何一门课程的学生姓名(重点、再做一次)
#step1.查询学过'张三'老师课程的学生编号
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM course co
INNER JOIN teacher te ON co.`t_id`=te.t_id
INNER JOIN score sc ON sc.c_id=co.c_id
WHERE te.t_name='张三';
#step2.查询出没学过'张三'老师讲授的任何一门课程的学生姓名
SELECT DISTINCT st.s_id
FROM student st
WHERE st.s_id NOT IN(
SELECT sc.s_id
FROM course co
INNER JOIN teacher te ON co.`t_id`=te.t_id
INNER JOIN score sc ON sc.c_id=co.c_id
WHERE te.t_name='张三'
);
48.查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩
SELECT sc.s_id,AVG(sc.s_score)
FROM score sc
WHERE sc.s_score<60
GROUP BY sc.s_id
HAVING COUNT(sc.c_id)>2;
49.查询本周过生日的同学
SELECT *
FROM student st
WHERE WEEK(st.s_birth,1)=WEEK(DATE(NOW()),1); #1表示指定星期一为一周的第一天
50.查询下周过生日的学生
SELECT *
FROM student
WHERE WEEK(s_birth,1)=WEEK(DATE(NOW()),1)+1;
51.查询本月过生日的学生
SELECT *
FROM student
WHERE MONTH(s_birth)=MONTH(DATE(NOW()));
52.查询下月过生日的学生
SELECT *
FROM student
WHERE MONTH(s_birth)=MONTH(DATE(NOW()))+1;