springcloud 服务调用的两种方式

spring-cloud调用服务有两种方式，一种是Ribbon+RestTemplate, 另外一种是Feign。
Ribbon是一个基于HTTP和TCP客户端的负载均衡器，其实feign也使用了ribbon, 只要使用@FeignClient时，ribbon就会自动使用。

一、Ribbon

1.1
新建模块client-a
pom文件

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     <?xml version=
     
     "1.0" encoding=
     
     "UTF-8"?>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     <project xmlns=
     
     "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
              xmlns:xsi=
     
     "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
              xsi:schemaLocation=
     
     "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         <parent>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <artifactId>spring-cloud</artifactId>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <groupId>com.feng</groupId>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <version>
     
     0.0.1</version>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         </parent>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         <modelVersion>
     
     4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         <artifactId>client-a</artifactId>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         <dependencies>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <dependency>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             </dependency>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         </dependencies>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     </project>
    
    
   
   
 
 

 

新建application.yml

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     server:
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
       port: 
     
     8910
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     eureka:
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
       client:
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         serviceUrl:
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
               defaultZone: http:
     
     //localhost:8010/eureka/
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     spring:
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
       application:
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
           name: client-a
    
    
   
   
 
 

 

ClientApplication, 这里我们需要注册一个RestTemplate，并且使用@LoadBalanced开启负载功能

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     @SpringBootApplication 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     @EnableDiscoveryClient 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     public 
     
     class ClientApplication { 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
      SpringApplication.run(ClientApplication.class, args); 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     } 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     @Bean 
     
     @LoadBalanced 
     
     RestTemplate restTemplate(){
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
     
     return 
     
     new RestTemplate(); 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     } 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     }
    
    
   
   
 
 

 

测试controller

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     @RestController 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     public 
     
     class TestController { 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     @Autowired 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     RestTemplate restTemplate; 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     @RequestMapping(
     
     "/hi") 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     public String hi(@RequestParam String id){ 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     return restTemplate.getForObject(
     
     "http://service-a/hi?id="+id, String.class);
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
      } 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     }
    
    
   
   
 
 

1.2
为了测试负载功能，这里要再新建一个模块service-b, 和上一篇的service-a的代码基本相同，只把端口修改了就可以。
把client-a和service-b都启动成功后，打开eureka中心应该看到：

1.3
打开http://localhost:8910/hi?id=123

可以看到服务已经成功调用。

然后刷新页面

看到端口已经改变，说明负载功能成功实现

二、feign

2.1
新建模块client-b
pom文件

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     <?xml version=
     
     "1.0" encoding=
     
     "UTF-8"?>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     <project xmlns=
     
     "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
              xmlns:xsi=
     
     "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
              xsi:schemaLocation=
     
     "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         <parent>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <artifactId>spring-cloud</artifactId>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <groupId>com.feng</groupId>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <version>
     
     0.0.1</version>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         </parent>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         <modelVersion>
     
     4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         <artifactId>client-b</artifactId>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         <dependencies>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <dependency>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             </dependency>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         </dependencies>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     </project>
    
    
   
   
 
 

 

bootstrap.yml

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     server:
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
       port: 
     
     8911
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     eureka:
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
       client:
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         serviceUrl:
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
               defaultZone: http:
     
     //localhost:8010/eureka/
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     spring:
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
       application:
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
           name: client-b
    
    
   
   
 
 

 

ClientApplication, 使用@EnableFeignClients开启feiginClient功能

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     @SpringBootApplication
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     @EnableDiscoveryClient
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     @EnableFeignClients 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     public 
     
     class ClientApplication { 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     public static void main(String[] args) { 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     SpringApplication.run(ClientApplication.class, args); 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
      }
    
    
   
   
 
 

 

 

这里新建一个ServiceAFeignClient来调用service-a服务

 

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     @Component
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     @FeignClient(value = 
     
     "service-a") 
     
     //这里的name对应调用服务的spring.applicatoin.name
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     public 
     
     interface ServiceAFeignClient {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     @RequestMapping(value = 
     
     "/hi")
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     String hi(@RequestParam("id") String id);
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     }
    
    
   
   
 
 

Controller

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     @RestController
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     public 
     
     class TestController {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     @Autowired
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         ServiceAFeignClient serviceAFeignClient;
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     @RequestMapping(
     
     "/hi")
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     public String hi(@RequestParam String id){
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
        
     
     return serviceAFeignClient.hi(id);
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     }
    
    
   
   
 
 

 

 

运行后的结果应该是和ribbon的相同。