1.占位符
1.%s:用于插入字符串
name = "Alice"
message = "Hello, %s!" % name
print(message) # 输出:Hello, Alice!
- %d:用于插入整数
age = 25
message = "I am %d years old." % age
print(message) # 输出:I am 25 years old.
- %f:用于插入浮点数
pi = 3.14159
message = "The value of pi is %.2f." % pi
print(message) # 输出:The value of pi is 3.14.
- %x:用于插入十六进制数
number = 255
message = "The hexadecimal representation is %x." % number
print(message) # 输出:The hexadecimal representation is ff.
- %o:用于插入八进制数
number = 255
message = "The octal representation is %o." % number
print(message) # 输出:The octal representation is 377.
- %r:用于插入任意类型的数据(使用repr()函数进行转换)
data = [1, 2, 3]
message = "The data is %r." % data
print(message) # 输出:The data is [1, 2, 3].
- %c:用于插入字符(将整数解释为Unicode字符)
letter = ord('A')
message = "The letter is %c." % letter
print(message) # 输出:The letter is A.
- %e 或 %E:用于插入科学计数法表示的浮点数
value = 1.23e+10
message = "The value is %e." % value
print(message) # 输出:The value is 1.230000e+10.
- %g 或 %G:用于插入浮点数,自动选择 %f 或 %e(取决于数值大小)
number = 0.0000123456
message = "The number is %g." % number
print(message) # 输出:The number is 1.23456e-05.
- %%:用于插入百分号本身
percentage = 75
message = "The success rate is %d%%." % percentage
print(message) # 输出:The success rate is 75%.
2.转义序列
在Python中,转义序列是由反斜杠(\)字符紧跟特定字符组成的组合,用于表示一些特殊字符或具有特殊含义的字符。以下是一些常见的Python转义序列及其示例:
1.\ ':单引号
string = 'It\'s a sunny day.'
print(string) # 输出:It's a sunny day.
- \ ":双引号
string = "She said, \"Hello!\""
print(string) # 输出:She said, "Hello!"
- \\:反斜杠
path = "C:\\Users\\Username\\Documents"
print(path) # 输出:C:\Users\Username\Documents
4 \n:换行符
message = "Hello,\nWorld!"
print(message)
# 输出:
# Hello,
# World!
5 \t:制表符
message = "Name:\tJohn\tAge:\t25"
print(message) # 输出:Name: John Age: 25
6 \r:回车符
message = "Hello\rWorld!"
print(message) # 输出:World!
7 \b:退格符
message = "Hello\bWorld!"
print(message) # 输出:HellWorld!
8 \xhh:十六进制字符(其中 hh 是两位十六进制数)
character = "\x41"
print(character) # 输出:A