Servlet、Request 、Response

五八个

已于 2022-01-19 17:49:07 修改

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文章标签：服务器 java

于 2022-01-18 19:45:34 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44840708/article/details/122552933

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Servlet：

概念：

是Java Servlet的简称，称为小服务程序或服务连接器，用Java编写的服务器端程序，具有独立于

平台和协议的特性，主要功能在于交互式地浏览和生成数据，生成动态Web内容。这个过程为：

1.客户端发送请求至服务器端

2.服务器将请求信息发送至 Servlet

3.Servlet 生成响应内容并将其传给服务器。响应内容动态生成，通常取决于客户端的请求

4.服务器将响应返回给客户端

Servlet 看起来像是通常的 Java 程序。Servlet 需要导入特定的属于 Java Servlet API 的包。

作用：

1.servlet接收浏览器发送的请求，接收请求数据

2.servlet对请求处理，然后响应数据给浏览器

实现方式：

Servlet有三种实现方式：实现Servlet接口, 继承抽象类GenericServlet, 继承HttpServlet

步骤一：idea创建一个web项目

步骤二：创建包

步骤三：创建类实现接口servlet

步骤四：在类里配置访问路径

步骤五：浏览器测试

package cn.tedu.web;


import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
@WebServlet(urlPatterns="/demo1")
public class Demo1Servlet implements Servlet {

    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse Response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("hello");
        PrintWriter writer=Response.getWriter();
        writer.write("hello response");
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

总结：servlet运行在tomcat服务器上，保存在tomcat服务器内存中，且只创建一次

init（）方法执行一次，service（）执行多次，每次访问都会执行，destroy（）执行一次

关闭时执行

优化：

自定义类，继承httpservlet，重写以下两个方法

doGet（请求对象request，响应对象response）处理浏览器提交的get请求

doPost（请求对象request，响应对象response）处理浏览器提交的post请求

post请求和get请求提交中文时，处理方式不一样，所以在实际开发中，在继承httpservlet时，不重写service，而是重写doGet（）和doPost（）

package cn.tedu.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/emo5")
public class Demo5Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("get---");
        //写入浏览器内容
        resp.getWriter().write("get aaaa");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("post---");
        resp.getWriter().write("post aaaa");
    }
}

package cn.tedu.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/emo5")
public class Demo5Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("get---");
        //写入浏览器内容
        resp.getWriter().write("get aaaa");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("post---");
        resp.getWriter().write("post aaaa");
    }
}

热加载:热加载后用debug启动

浏览器中获取数据，从html文件中的name属性获取

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="a" method="get">
    用户名：<input type="text" name="username">
    <br/>
    密&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;码：<input type="password" name="psd">
    <br/>
    爱&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;好：
    <input type="checkbox" name="love" value="1">爱评论
    <input type="checkbox" name="love" value="2">爱学习
    <input type="checkbox" name="love" value="3">拿高薪
    <br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交数据">
</form>
</body>
</html>

Request：

获取单个属性

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/a")
public class ParamServlet extends HttpServlet {
    
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String n=request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println("请求的用户名:"+n);
        String p=request.getParameter("psd");
        System.out.println("请求的密码:"+p);
        String[] l=request.getParameterValues("love");
        System.out.println("请求的爱好:"+ Arrays.toString(l));
    }
}

获取全部属性

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns= "/Servlet")
public class Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Map<String,String[]> map=request.getParameterMap();
        Set<String> s=map.keySet();
        //高效for循环快捷方式：iter
        for (String s1 : s) {
            System.out.println(s1+":"+ Arrays.toString(map.get(s1)));
        }
    }
}

getpost（）获取数据乱码问题

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/a")
public class ParamServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String n=request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println("请求的用户名:"+n);
    }

}

Response

字节流处理乱码

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/code1")
public class Demo1Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().write("你好字符流");
    }
}

字符流处理乱码

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/code1")
public class Demo1Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置响应对象的编码格式
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        String str="你好";
        //设置字节流中的编码格式
        byte[] bytes = str.getBytes("utf-8");
        resp.getOutputStream().write(bytes);

    }
}

重定向方法

重定向：从一个资源跳转到另一个资源（比如：点击超链接跳转）

站外跳转：从自己的网站重定向到另一个网站

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/outer")
public class ServletRedirect extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {


    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //处理响应中文的乱码问题
        response.setContentType("test/html,charset=utf-8");
        //重定向：绝对路径
        String OuterUrl="http://www.baidu.com";
        response.sendRedirect(OuterUrl);
    }
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="outer">点击我</a>
</body>
</html>

练习：前后端登录

后端：

package comm.tedu.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns= "/log")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //处理请求中文乱码的问题
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //处理响应中文乱码的问题
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //获取用户数据
        String user = request.getParameter("username");
        String psw = request.getParameter("psw");
        if(user.equals("admin")&&psw.equals("111")){
            String url="http://localhost:8080/index.html";
            response.sendRedirect(url);
        }else {
            String info="登陆失败";
            String url="http://localhost:8080/login.html";
            response.getWriter().write(info+"<br/>"+"<a href='"+url+"'>去登陆</a>");


        }
    }

}

前端代码：

index.html文件：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>欢迎你访问</h1>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>login pages</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style="align-content: center">
    <form action="log" method="post">
        用户名：<input type="text" name="username">
        <br/>
        密&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;码：<input type="password" name="psw">
        <br/>
        <input type="submit" value="登录">

    </form>
</div>
</body>
</html>