类微信实现Bluetooth聊天(Fragment中使用Bluetooth)
要求:
1.窗口标题栏显示“无连接”,单击右上角三点可选择“我的好友”,进入另一个配对好友界面;
2.选择好友之后,返回主界面,标题栏会显示选择的的手机;
3.两个连接的手机可进行蓝牙聊天。
类微信界面其他部分功能的部署的见之前的博客:
类微信界面: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44841678/article/details/105005148.
类微信界面+RecyclerView: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44841678/article/details/105080025.
类微信界面读取联系人:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44841678/article/details/105919005.
注意点:
此程序需要得到蓝牙使用权限,用在清单文件里注册的方法来配置;
准备:
在清单文件AndroidManifest.xml里,添加两行:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
实现蓝牙通信需要这两个权限,整个项目运行,其他版块还需要的权限可见之前的代码。
实现界面展示:
.xml文件:
tab01.xml:
在tab01.xml(即weixinFragment对应的布局文件)里,添加1个Toolbar控件,其内包含2个水平的TextView控件;在Toolbar控件的下方添加1个ListView控件,用于显示聊天内容;最后在ListView控件的下方添加水平放置的1个EditText控件和一个Button控件。具体代码见库。
<androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
android:id="@+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/title_left_text"
style="?android:attr/windowTitleStyle"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:gravity="left"
android:ellipsize="end"
android:singleLine="true" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/title_right_text"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:ellipsize="end"
android:gravity="right"
android:singleLine="true"
android:textColor="#fff" />
</LinearLayout>
</androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar>
点右上角三点之后出现的小框布局文件:res -> new ->Android Resource Directory -> Resource type换成menu ->
新建res/menu/option_menu.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:id="@+id/scan"
android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_myplaces"
android:title="@string/connect" />
<item android:id="@+id/discoverable"
android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_view"
android:title="@string/discoverable" />
<item android:id="@+id/back"
android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_close_clear_cancel"
android:title="@string/back" />
</menu>
device_list.xml:(用于显示“我的好友”,即已配对的设备,和搜索好友)代码见库。
decive_name.xml和message.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:id="@+id/text1"
android:gravity="center_vertical"
android:textSize="22sp"
android:text="文本数据"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
事件监听控制:
ChatService.java:
用于蓝牙会话的服务组件ChatService,有3个内部类:AcceptThread(接受新连接)、ConnectThread(发出连接)和ConnectedThread (已连接)。
部分代码:
// 创建监听线程,准备接受新连接。使用阻塞方式,调用 BluetoothServerSocket.accept()
private class AcceptThread extends Thread {
private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;
public AcceptThread() {
BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;
try {
//使用射频端口(RF comm)监听
tmp = mAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);
} catch (IOException e) {
}
mmServerSocket = tmp;
}
@Override
public void run() {
setName("AcceptThread");
BluetoothSocket socket = null;
while (mState != STATE_CONNECTED) {
try {
socket = mmServerSocket.accept();
} catch (IOException e) {
break;
}
if (socket != null) {
synchronized (ChatService.this) {
switch (mState) {
case STATE_LISTEN:
case STATE_CONNECTING:
connected(socket, socket.getRemoteDevice());
break;
case STATE_NONE:
case STATE_CONNECTED:
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
}
}
}
}
}
public void cancel() {
try {
mmServerSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/*
连接线程,专门用来对外发出连接对方蓝牙的请求和处理流程。
构造函数里通过 BluetoothDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord() ,
从待连接的 device 产生 BluetoothSocket. 然后在 run 方法中 connect ,
成功后调用 BluetoothChatSevice 的 connected() 方法。定义 cancel() 在关闭线程时能够关闭相关socket 。
*/
private class ConnectThread extends Thread {
private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;
public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {
mmDevice = device;
BluetoothSocket tmp = null;
try {
tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
mmSocket = tmp;
}
@Override
public void run() {
setName("ConnectThread");
mAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
try {
mmSocket.connect();
} catch (IOException e) {
connectionFailed();
try {
mmSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e2) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
ChatService.this.start();
return;
}
synchronized (ChatService.this) {
mConnectThread = null;
}
connected(mmSocket, mmDevice);
}
public void cancel() {
try {
mmSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/*
双方蓝牙连接后一直运行的线程;构造函数中设置输入输出流。
run()方法中使用阻塞模式的 InputStream.read()循环读取输入流,然后发送到 UI 线程中更新聊天消息。
本线程也提供了 write() 将聊天消息写入输出流传输至对方,传输成功后回写入 UI 线程。最后使用cancel()关闭连接的 socket
*/
private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {
private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
private final InputStream mmInStream;
private final OutputStream mmOutStream;
public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {
mmSocket = socket;
InputStream tmpIn = null;
OutputStream tmpOut = null;
try {
tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();
tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
mmInStream = tmpIn;
mmOutStream = tmpOut;
}
@Override
public void run() {
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int bytes;
while (true) {
try {
bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);
mHandler.obtainMessage(weixinFragment.MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer).sendToTarget();
} catch (IOException e) {
connectionLost();
break;
}
}
}
public void write(byte[] buffer) {
try {
mmOutStream.write(buffer);
mHandler.obtainMessage(weixinFragment.MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, buffer).sendToTarget();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void cancel() {
try {
mmSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
创建一个新的Activity:
DeviceList.java:
实现选取与之会话的蓝牙设备。供菜单项主界面的选项菜单“我的友好”调用,用于:(1)显示已配对的好友列表;(2)搜索可配对的好友进行配对;(3)新选择并配对的蓝牙设备将刷新好友列表。
发现新的蓝牙设备并请求配对时,需要对应接受。
部分代码:
private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
}
} else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {
if (mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.getCount() == 0) {
String noDevices = getResources().getText(R.string.none_found).toString();
mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(noDevices);
}
}
}
};
private void init() {
Button scanButton = findViewById(R.id.button_scan);
scanButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(DeviceList.this, R.string.scanning, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
doDiscovery(); //搜索蓝牙设备
}
});
mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.device_name);
mNewDevicesArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.device_name);
//已配对蓝牙设备列表
ListView pairedListView =findViewById(R.id.paired_devices);
pairedListView.setAdapter(mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter);
pairedListView.setOnItemClickListener(mPaireDeviceClickListener);
//未配对蓝牙设备列表
ListView newDevicesListView = findViewById(R.id.new_devices);
newDevicesListView.setAdapter(mNewDevicesArrayAdapter);
newDevicesListView.setOnItemClickListener(mNewDeviceClickListener);
//动态注册广播接收者
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
mBtAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBtAdapter.getBondedDevices();
if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {
findViewById(R.id.title_paired_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) {
mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
}
} else {
String noDevices = getResources().getText(R.string.none_paired).toString();
mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add(noDevices);
}
}
weixinFragment.java:
注意在Fragment中使用toolbar,每一次都会在初始化fragment时都会调用 ((AppCompatActivity) getActivity()).setSupportActionBar(toolbar),但如果是几个fragment在一个activity上的,那么toolbar可能会bug,比如设置menu菜单不显示。
解决方法是:
在findViewById后直接调用toolbar自带的方法来处理menu显示点击问题即可,无需调用((AppCompatActivity) getActivity()).setSupportActionBar(toolbar)为fragment设置toolbar。
//不加这行菜单无法显示,告诉fragment我们有菜单的
setHasOptionsMenu(true);
//加载菜单
mToolbar.inflateMenu(R.menu.market_menu);
所以在onCreateView中部分代码:
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// Inflate the layout for this fragment
view= inflater.inflate(R.layout.tab01, container, false);
Toolbar toolbar = view.findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
setHasOptionsMenu(true);
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this.getContext(), Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(getActivity(),new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, 1);
}
}
//创建选项菜单
toolbar.inflateMenu(R.menu.option_menu);
//选项菜单监听
toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new MyMenuItemClickListener());
mTitle = view.findViewById(R.id.title_left_text);
mTitle.setText(R.string.app_name);
mTitle = view.findViewById(R.id.title_right_text);
// 得到本地蓝牙适配器
mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), "蓝牙不可用", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
getActivity().finish();
return view;
}
if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { //若当前设备蓝牙功能未开启
Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); //
} else {
if (mChatService == null) {
setupChat(); //创建会话
}
}
return view;
}
蓝牙聊天功能使用说明:
1.把AS中的项目在实际的两部手机中运行,如果未打开手机蓝牙,则进入打开蓝牙设置界面;
(AS项目在实际手机运行可使用Android WiFi ADB)
使用教程: Androi WiFi ADB使用.
2.在右上角三点,选择“我的好友”,即可看到已经匹配成功的的蓝牙设备,直接点击,进行会话;
3.新建好友前,需要先使用选项菜单“设置在线”,即要求对方可见(能被扫描到)。然后,单击“搜索好友”按钮。即可找到还未匹配的设备,从而进行匹配。
最后附上源码(码云仓库):
链接: https://gitee.com/yangjy11/AS-WeChatBluetooth/tree/master/WeiXinApplication/app/src/main.