chapter.pandas1.2

pandas数据运算

1.算术运算
Series数据的算术运算

from pandas import Series,DataFrame
import pandas as pd
data1=Series([1,2,3,4,5],index=['a','b','c','d','e'])
print(data)

a    1
b    2
c    3
d    4
e    5
dtype: int64

再创建一组数据，实现数据相加效果。data2=Series([1,2,3,4,5],index=['a','b','d','e','f'])

from pandas import Series,DataFrame
import pandas as pd
data1=Series([1,2,3,4,5],index=['a','b','c','d','e'])
data2=Series([1,2,3,4,5],index=['a','b','d','e','f'])
print(data1+data2)

a    2.0
b    4.0
c    NaN
d    7.0
e    9.0
f    NaN
dtype: float64

2.函数应用和映射
在数据分析时，常常会对数据进行较复杂的数据运算，这时需要定义函数。定义好的函数可以应用到pandas数据中，其中三种方法：map函数，将函数套用在Series的每一个元素中；apply函数，将函数套用到DataFrame的行和列上；applymap函数，将函数套用在DataFrame的每个元素上。
例：

from pandas import Series,DataFrame
from IPython.display import display
import pandas as pd
data={
    '水果':['苹果','香蕉','菠萝','火龙果'],
    '价格':['25元','15元','20元','25元']
}
df=DataFrame(data)
display(df)

如果想把"元"去掉，则要使用map函数

from pandas import Series,DataFrame
from IPython.display import display
import pandas as pd
data={
    '水果':['苹果','香蕉','菠萝','火龙果'],
    '价格':['25元','15元','20元','25元']
}
df=DataFrame(data)
def f(x):
    return x.split('元')[0]
df['价格']=df['价格'].map(f)
display(df)

apply函数的使用。

from pandas import Series,DataFrame
from IPython.display import display
import numpy as np
import random
import pandas as pd
data=DataFrame(np.random.randn(3,3),columns=['a','b','c'],index=['d','e','f'])
display(data)
f=lambda x:x.max()-x.min()
display(data.apply(f))

3.排序
在Series中，通过sort_index函数可对索引进行排序,默认升序

from pandas import Series,DataFrame
from IPython.display import display
import pandas as pd
data=Series([1,0,-13,3],index=['a','x','b','d'])
display(data)

a     1
x     0
b   -13
d     3
dtype: int64

升序

from pandas import Series,DataFrame
from IPython.display import display
import pandas as pd
data=Series([1,0,-13,3],index=['a','x','b','d'])
display(data.sort_index())

a     1
b   -13
d     3
x     0
dtype: int64

降序

from pandas import Series,DataFrame
from IPython.display import display
import pandas as pd
data=Series([1,0,-13,3],index=['a','x','b','d'])
display(data.sort_index(ascending=False))

x     0
d     3
b   -13
a     1
dtype: int64

想对值进行排序

from pandas import Series,DataFrame
from IPython.display import display
import pandas as pd
data=Series([1,0,-13,3],index=['a','x','b','d'])
display(data.sort_values())

b   -13
x     0
a     1
d     3
dtype: int64

4.统计出现的次数

from pandas import Series,DataFrame
from IPython.display import display
import pandas as pd
data=Series(['a','a','b','a','d','c'])
display(data.value_counts())

a    3
c    1
d    1
b    1
dtype: int64