概念:是一个容器(在Java中就是一个集合),存放数据库连接的容器。当系统初始化好之后,容器被创建,容器中会申请一些连接对象,当用户来访问数据库时,从容器中获取连接对象,用户访问完之后,会将连接对象归还给容器。
不像之前的代码一样,每次开始前都建立一个连接,然后结束时close,释放连接。
好处:节约资源、高效。
实现:
标准接口:DataSource javax.sql包下的。获取连接getConnection方法.调用Connection.close()方法,就实现了归还连接到连接池。
一般由数据库厂商来实现。
两种数据库连接池实现技术C3P0、Druid。
C3P0
使用步骤:
1、导入jar包。有两个jar包,均需要导入。
2、需要定义配置文件 文件名为c3p0.properties或者c3p0-config.xml。目录为src。
3、创建核心对象 数据库连接池对象 ComboPooledDataSource。
4、获取连接getConnection
注意:不要忘记导入数据库的驱动jar包
<c3p0-config>
<!-- 默认配置,如果没有指定则使用这个配置 -->
<default-config>
<property name="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="jdbcUrl">
<![CDATA[jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/demo?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8]]>
</property>
<property name="user">root</property>
<property name="password">123456</property>
<!-- 初始化池大小 -->
<property name="initialPoolSize">2</property>
<!-- 最大空闲时间 -->
<property name="maxIdleTime">30</property>
<!-- 最多有多少个连接 -->
<property name="maxPoolSize">10</property>
<!-- 最少几个连接 -->
<property name="minPoolSize">2</property>
<!-- 每次最多可以执行多少个批处理语句 -->
<property name="maxStatements">50</property>
</default-config>
<!-- 命名的配置 -->
<named-config name="BarryLee">
<property name="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/demo</property>
<property name="user">root</property>
<property name="password">123456</property>
<property name="acquireIncrement">5</property><!-- 如果池中数据连接不够时一次增长多少个 -->
<property name="initialPoolSize">100</property>
<property name="minPoolSize">50</property>
<property name="maxPoolSize">1000</property>
<property name="maxStatements">0</property>
<property name="maxStatementsPerConnection">5</property> <!-- he's important, but there's only one of him -->
</named-config>
</c3p0-config>
有多个配置,分别是默认配置和命名配置。
package com.itcast.dataSource;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import org.junit.Test;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class c3p0_demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
try {
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2021.2\lib\idea_rt.jar=53849:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2021.2\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\rt.jar;E:\java 学习代码\my_jdbc\out\production\my_jdbc;E:\java 学习代码\my_jdbc\libs\mysql-connector-java-5.1.48.jar;E:\java 学习代码\my_jdbc\libs\mchange-commons-java-0.2.3.4.jar;E:\java 学习代码\my_jdbc\libs\c3p0-0.9.2.1.jar;D:\repository\junit\junit\4.13.1\junit-4.13.1.jar;D:\repository\org\hamcrest\hamcrest-core\1.3\hamcrest-core-1.3.jar" com.itcast.dataSource.c3p0_demo1
二月 05, 2022 10:41:44 上午 com.mchange.v2.log.MLog <clinit>
信息: MLog clients using java 1.4+ standard logging.
二月 05, 2022 10:41:45 上午 com.mchange.v2.c3p0.C3P0Registry banner
信息: Initializing c3p0-0.9.2.1 [built 20-March-2013 10:47:27 +0000; debug? true; trace: 10]
二月 05, 2022 10:41:45 上午 com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.AbstractPoolBackedDataSource getPoolManager
信息: Initializing c3p0 pool... com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource [ acquireIncrement -> 3, acquireRetryAttempts -> 30, acquireRetryDelay -> 1000, autoCommitOnClose -> false, automaticTestTable -> null, breakAfterAcquireFailure -> false, checkoutTimeout -> 0, connectionCustomizerClassName -> null, connectionTesterClassName -> com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.DefaultConnectionTester, dataSourceName -> 1hge1elam1jfc32k17mzvgj|7eda2dbb, debugUnreturnedConnectionStackTraces -> false, description -> null, driverClass -> com.mysql.jdbc.Driver, factoryClassLocation -> null, forceIgnoreUnresolvedTransactions -> false, identityToken -> 1hge1elam1jfc32k17mzvgj|7eda2dbb, idleConnectionTestPeriod -> 0, initialPoolSize -> 2, jdbcUrl -> jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/demo?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8, maxAdministrativeTaskTime -> 0, maxConnectionAge -> 0, maxIdleTime -> 30, maxIdleTimeExcessConnections -> 0, maxPoolSize -> 10, maxStatements -> 50, maxStatementsPerConnection -> 0, minPoolSize -> 2, numHelperThreads -> 3, preferredTestQuery -> null, properties -> {user=******, password=******}, propertyCycle -> 0, statementCacheNumDeferredCloseThreads -> 0, testConnectionOnCheckin -> false, testConnectionOnCheckout -> false, unreturnedConnectionTimeout -> 0, userOverrides -> {}, usesTraditionalReflectiveProxies -> false ]
com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.NewProxyConnection@2f410acf
Process finished with exit code 0
druid使用
使用步骤:
1、导入jar包 除了有druid还有mysql的
2、定义配置文件 properties形式的 druid.properties。可以叫任意名称,可以放置在任意的目录下。手动加载。
driverClassName = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo
username = root
password = 123456
initialSize = 5
maxActive = 10
maxWait = 3000
3、获取数据库连接池对象 通过工厂类来获取 DruidDataSourceFactory
4、获取连接 getConnection
package com.itcast.dataSource;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.Properties;
public class druid_demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
//加载配置文件
Properties properties = new Properties();
InputStream inputStream = druid_demo1.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties");
properties.load(inputStream);
DataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
}
}
二月 05, 2022 11:03:07 上午 com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource info
信息: {dataSource-1} inited
com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@7bfcd12c
Process finished with exit code 0
连接池工具类
一般情况下,还是使用工具类JDBCUtils
方法:获取连接的方法 释放资源 获取连接池的方法
提供静态代码块加载配置文件,初始化连接池对象
package com.itcast.dataSource;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;
//连接池工具类
public class JDBCUtils {
private static DataSource ds;
static {
try {
Properties properties = new Properties();
InputStream inputStream = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties");
properties.load(inputStream);
try {
ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//获取连接方法
public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception{
return ds.getConnection();
}
//释放资源方法 方法的重载
public static void close(Statement stmt, Connection conn){
if (stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//方法的重载
public static void close(Statement stmt, Connection conn, ResultSet res){
if (stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (res != null){
try {
res.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//获取连接池的方法
public static DataSource getDatasource(){
return ds;
}
}
package com.itcast.dataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class druid_JDBCUtils {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection connection = null;
Statement statement = null;
try {
connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
statement = connection.createStatement();
String sql = "insert into actor values(null,'Amy','女','1999-9-15','550')";
int i = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
if (i>0){
System.out.println("执行成功");
}else {
System.out.println("执行失败");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.close(statement,connection);
}
}
}
二月 05, 2022 4:54:29 下午 com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource info
信息: {dataSource-1} inited
执行成功
Process finished with exit code 0