在VC++ 6.0上创建工程以及如何实现代码运行
注意
(1)代码中生产者和消费者所做的工作用过程Producer和Consumer描述,并通过创建线程的方法创建3个生产者线程和1个消费者线程,具体创建方法:CreateThread(NULL,0,Producer,NULL,0,&producerID[i]);其中第3个参数就是指定该线程所做的工作为过程Producer;
(2)问题中设置了三个信号量g_hMutex(用于互斥访问临界区buffer)、g_hFullSemaphore、g_hEmptySemaphore(用于控制同步的资源信号量),先声明,再定义,最后使用。互斥信号量和资源信号量的定义方法不同:g_hMutex = CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL); 互斥信号量最开始没有指定针对那个资源g_hFullSemaphore =CreateSemaphore(NULL,SIZE_OF_BUFFER-1,SIZE_OF_BUFFER-1,NULL); 其中第2和3个参数为信号量的初始值和最大值信号量的使用方法:WaitForSingleObject为信号量的P操作,每对一个信号量执行该操作,则信号量值减1,并判断减1后值是否仍大于等于0,如是则该操作成功,否则进程阻塞; ReleaseSemaphore为信号量的V操作,每执行一次将该信号量的值加1,并起到唤醒作用。如:
WaitForSingleObject(g_hFullSemaphore,INFINITE);
…
ReleaseSemaphore(g_hEmptySemaphore,1,NULL);
ReleaseMutex(g_hMutex);
生产者消费者代码
// pc.cpp :定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//#include "stdafx.h"
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
const unsigned short SIZE_OF_BUFFER = 10;//缓冲区长度
unsigned short ProductID = 0;//产品号
unsigned short ConsumeID = 0; //将被消耗的产品号
unsigned short in = 0; //产品进缓冲区时的缓冲区下标
unsigned short out = 0; //产品出缓冲区时的缓冲区下标
int g_buffer[SIZE_OF_BUFFER];//缓冲区是个循环队列
bool g_continue = true; //控制程序结束
HANDLE g_hMutex; //用于线程间的互斥
HANDLE g_hFullSemaphore; //当缓冲区满时迫使生产者等待
HANDLE g_hEmptySemaphore; //当缓冲区空时迫使消费者等待
DWORD WINAPI Producer(LPVOID); //生产者线程
DWORD WINAPI Consumer(LPVOID); //消费者线程
int main(){
//创建各个互斥信号
g_hMutex =CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL);
g_hEmptySemaphore =CreateSemaphore(NULL,SIZE_OF_BUFFER-1,SIZE_OF_BUFFER-1,NULL);
g_hFullSemaphore =CreateSemaphore(NULL,0,SIZE_OF_BUFFER-1,NULL);
//缓冲区初始化
for (int i = 0; i< SIZE_OF_BUFFER; ++i){
g_buffer[i] = -1; //当值为-1时该项为空
}
//调整下面的数值,可以发现,当生产者个数多于消费者个数时,
//生产速度快,生产者经常等待消费者;反之,消费者经常等待
const unsigned short PRODUCERS_COUNT = 3;//生产者的个数
const unsigned short CONSUMERS_COUNT = 1;//消费者的个数
//总的线程数
const unsigned short THREADS_COUNT = PRODUCERS_COUNT+CONSUMERS_COUNT;
HANDLE hThreads[THREADS_COUNT]; //各线程的handle
DWORD producerID[PRODUCERS_COUNT];//生产者线程的标识符
DWORD consumerID[CONSUMERS_COUNT];//消费者线程的标识符
//创建生产者线程
for(i=0;i<PRODUCERS_COUNT;++i){
hThreads[i]=CreateThread(NULL,0,Producer,NULL,0, &producerID[i]);//49
if(hThreads[i]==NULL) return -1;
}
//创建消费者线程
for(i=0;i<CONSUMERS_COUNT;++i){
hThreads[PRODUCERS_COUNT+i]=CreateThread(NULL,0,Consumer,NULL,0,&consumerID[i]);//54
if(hThreads[i]==NULL) return -1;
}
while(g_continue){
if(getchar()){//按回车后终止程序运行
g_continue = false;
}
}
return 0;
}
//生产一个产品。简单模拟了一下,仅输出新产品的ID号
void Produce(){
std::cerr << "Producing" << ++ProductID << " ... ";
std::cerr <<"Succeed" << std::endl;
}
//把新生产的产品放入缓冲区
void Append(){
std::cerr << "Appendinga product ... ";
g_buffer[in] = ProductID;
in = (in+1) % SIZE_OF_BUFFER;
std::cerr <<"Succeed" << std::endl;
//输出缓冲区当前的状态
for(int i=0;i<SIZE_OF_BUFFER;++i){
std::cout << i<<": " << g_buffer[i];
if(i==in) std::cout << " <-- 生产";
if(i==out) std::cout << " <-- 消费";
std::cout << std::endl;
}
}
//从缓冲区中取出一个产品?
void Take(){
std::cerr << "Taking aproduct ... ";
ConsumeID = g_buffer[out];
out = (out+1) % SIZE_OF_BUFFER;
std::cerr <<"Succeed" << std::endl;
//输出缓冲区当前的状态?
for(int i=0;i<SIZE_OF_BUFFER;++i){
std::cout << i<<": " << g_buffer[i];
if(i==in) std::cout << " <-- 生产";
if(i==out) std::cout << " <-- 消费";
std::cout << std::endl;
}
}
//消耗一个产品
void Consume(){
std::cerr << "Consuming" << ConsumeID << " ... ";
std::cerr <<"Succeed" << std::endl;
}
//生产者
DWORD WINAPI Producer(LPVOID lpPara){
while(g_continue){
WaitForSingleObject(g_hEmptySemaphore,INFINITE);
WaitForSingleObject(g_hMutex,INFINITE);
Produce();
Append();
Sleep(1500);
ReleaseMutex(g_hMutex);
ReleaseSemaphore(g_hFullSemaphore,1,NULL);
}
return 0;
}
//消费者
DWORD WINAPI Consumer(LPVOID lpPara){
while(g_continue){
WaitForSingleObject(g_hFullSemaphore,INFINITE);
WaitForSingleObject(g_hMutex,INFINITE);
Take();
Consume();
Sleep(1500);
ReleaseMutex(g_hMutex);
ReleaseSemaphore(g_hEmptySemaphore,1,NULL);
}
return 0;
}
运行结果
错误修正
error C2374: ‘i’ : redefinition; multiple initialization错误提示 ——解决方法