java线性数据结构day4

学习来源：https://blog.csdn.net/minfanphd/article/details/116974889

循环队列

1 整除的作用.
2 想像操场跑道里放一队人, 循环的感觉就出来了.
3 为了区分空队列与满队列, 需要留一个空间. 相当于不允许首尾相连. 还是画个图吧, 否则容易进坑.
4 用链式结构, 空间的分配与回收由系统做, 用循环队列, 则是自己把控. 想像自己写的是操作系统, 从这个代码可以感受下内存的管理.

package datastructure;

/**
 * @time 2022/4/6
 * @author Liang Huang
 */

public class CircleIntQueue {
	
	/**
	 * The total space. One space can never be used.
	 */
	public static final int TOTAL_SPACE = 10;
	
	/**
	 * The data.
	 */
	int[] data;
	
	/**
	 * The index for calculating the head. The actual head is head % TOTAL_SPACE.
	 */
	int head;
	
	/**
	 * The index for calculating the tail.
	 */
	int tail;
	
	/**
	 * The constructor.
	 */
	public CircleIntQueue() {
		data = new int[TOTAL_SPACE];
		head = 0;
		tail = 0;
	}//Of the first constructor
	
	 /**
	 **************
	 *Enqueue.
	 *
	 * @param paraValue The given value.
	 **************
	 */
	public void enqueue(int paraValue) {
		if((tail + 1) % TOTAL_SPACE == head) {
			System.out.println("Queue full.");
			return;
		}//Of if
		
		data[tail % TOTAL_SPACE] = paraValue;
		tail++;
	}//Of enqueue
	
	/**
	 ************
	 * Dequeue
	 * 
	 * @return The value of the head.
	 ************
	 */
	public int dequeue() {
		if(head == tail) {
			System.out.println("No element in this queue.");
			return -1;
		}//Of if
		
		int resultValue = data[head % TOTAL_SPACE];
		head++;
		
		return resultValue;
	}//Of dequeue
	
	/**
	 * Overrides the method claimed in Object, the superclass of any class.
	 */
	public String toString() {
		String resultString = "";
		if(head == tail) {
			return "empty";
		}//Of if
		
		for(int i=head; i<tail; i++) {
			resultString += data[i % TOTAL_SPACE] + ", ";
		}//Of for i
		
		return resultString;
	}//Of toSting
	
	/**
	 * ********
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * 
	 * @param args not used now.
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		CircleIntQueue tempQueue = new CircleIntQueue();
		System.out.println("Initialized, the list is: " + tempQueue.toString());
		
		for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {
			tempQueue.enqueue(i + 1);
		}//Of for i
		System.out.println("Enqueue, the list is: " + tempQueue.toString());
		
		int tempValue = tempQueue.dequeue();
		System.out.println("Dequeue " + tempValue + ", the queue is: " + tempQueue.toString());
		
		for(int i=0; i<6; i++) {
			tempQueue.dequeue();
			System.out.println("Enqueue, the queue is: " + tempQueue.toString());
		}//Of for i
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			tempValue = tempQueue.dequeue();
			System.out.println("Dequeue " + tempValue + ", the queue is: " + tempQueue.toString());
		} // Of for i

		for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
			tempQueue.enqueue(i + 100);
			System.out.println("Enqueue, the queue is: " + tempQueue.toString());
		} // Of for i

	}//Of main
}//Of class CircleIntQueue

字符串匹配

1 String 是 Java 常用的类, 这里重新实现下部分功能.
2 转义符 , 有了它才能正常打印引号.
3 简单的越界检查.

package datastructure;

/**
 * @time 2022/4/6
 * @author Liang Huang
 */

public class MyString {

	/**
	 * The max length.
	 */
	public static final int MAX_LENGTH = 10;
	
	/**
	 * The actual length.
	 */
	int length;
	
	/**
	 * The data.
	 */
	char[] data;
	
	/**
	 * Construct an empty char array.
	 */
	public MyString() {
		data = new char[MAX_LENGTH];
		length = 0;
	}//Of the first constructor
	
	/**
	 *********************
	 * Construct using a system defined string.
	 * 
	 * @param paraString The given string.
	 * 						 Its length should not exceed MAX_LENGTH - 1.
	 *********************
	 */
	public MyString(String paraString) {
		data = new char[MAX_LENGTH];
		length = paraString.length();
		
		//Copy data
		for(int i=0; i<length; i++) {
			data[i] = paraString.charAt(i);
		}//Of for i
	}//Of the second constructor
	
	/**
	 * Overrides the method claimed in Object, the superclass of any class.
	 */
	public String toString() {
		String resultString = "";
		for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
			resultString += data[i];
		} // Of for i
		
		return resultString;
	}//Of toString
	
	/**
	 *********************
	 * Locate the position of a substring.
	 * 
	 * @param paraMyString The given substring.
	 * @return The first position. -1 for no matching.
	 *********************
	 */
	public int locate(MyString paraMyString) {
		boolean tempMatch = false;
		for(int i=0; i<length - paraMyString.length + 1; i++) {
			tempMatch = true;
			for(int j=0; j<paraMyString.length; j++) {
				if(data[i + j] != paraMyString.data[j]) {
					tempMatch = false;
					break;
				}//Of if
			}//Of for j
			
			if(tempMatch) {
				return i;
			}//Of if
		}//Of for i
		
		return -1;
	}//Of locate
	
	/**
	 *********************
	 * Get a substring获取一个子串
	 * 
	 * @param paraString The given substring.        
	 * @param paraStartPosition The start position in the original string.        
	 * @param paraLength The length of the new string.        
	 * @return The first position. -1 for no matching.
	 *********************
	 */
	public MyString substring(int paraStartPosition, int paraLength) {
		if(paraStartPosition + paraLength > length) {
			System.out.println("The bound is exceeded.");
			return null;
		}//Of if
		
		MyString resultMyString = new MyString();
		resultMyString.length = paraLength;
		for(int i=0; i<paraLength; i++) {
			resultMyString.data[i] = data[i + paraStartPosition];
		}//Of for i
		
		
		return resultMyString;
	}//Of substring
	
	/**
	 * ********
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * 
	 * @param args not used now.
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		MyString tempFirstString = new MyString("I like ik");
		MyString tempSecondString = new MyString("ik");
		
		int tempPosition = tempFirstString.locate(tempSecondString);
		System.out.println("The position of " + tempSecondString + " in "
							+ tempFirstString + " is " + tempPosition);
		
		//查找失败的情况
		MyString tempThirdString = new MyString("ki");
		tempPosition = tempFirstString.locate(tempThirdString);
		System.out.println("The position of " + tempThirdString + " in "
							+ tempFirstString + " is " + tempPosition);
		
		tempThirdString = tempFirstString.substring(1, 1);
		System.out.println("The substring is: \"" + tempThirdString + "\"");

		tempThirdString = tempFirstString.substring(2, 4);
		System.out.println("The substring is: \"" + tempThirdString + "\"");
		
		tempThirdString = tempFirstString.substring(5, 5);
		System.out.println("The substring is: \"" + tempThirdString + "\"");

		tempThirdString = tempFirstString.substring(5, 6);
		System.out.println("The substring is: \"" + tempThirdString + "\"");
		
	}//Of main

}//Of class MyString