TED：Grit: The power of passion and perseverance（Angela Lee Duckworth）

视频：

TED 中英双语字幕: Angela Lee Duckworth 成功的要诀是什么？是意志力

---

Grit: The power of passion and perseverance

When I was 27 years old, I left a very demanding job in management consulting for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.  在我27岁的时候，我辞掉了一份要求很高的管理咨询工作，转而从事一份要求更高的工作:教学。

I went to teach seventh graders math in the New York City public schools.  我去纽约的公立学校教七年级的数学。

And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.  和其他老师一样，我也会做小测验和测验。

I gave out homework assignments.  我布置了家庭作业。

When the work came back, I calculated grades.作业收回来后，我计算成绩。

---

What struck me was that I.Q. was not the only difference between my best and my worst students.  让我震惊的是，智商并不是我最好和最差学生之间的唯一区别。

Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric I.Q. scores.  我的一些表现最好的学生并没有很高的智商。

Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.我的一些最聪明的孩子表现不太好。

And that got me thinking.  这让我开始思考。

The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math, sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram.  你在七年级数学中需要学习的东西，当然，它们很难:比率，小数，平行四边形的面积。

But these concepts are not impossible, and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students could learn the material if they worked hard and long enough.但这些概念并不是不可能的，我坚信，我的每一个学生都能学会这些材料，只要他们努力学习，时间足够长。

---

After several more years of teaching, I came to the conclusion that what we need in education is a much better understanding of students and learning from a motivational perspective, from a psychological perspective.  经过几年的教学，我得出一个结论，我们在教育中需要的是从动机的角度，从心理学的角度更好地理解学生和学习。

In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is I.Q., but what if doing well in school and in life depends on much more than your ability to learn quickly and easily?

 在教育领域，我们知道最好的衡量方法是IQ（智商），但如果在学校和生活中表现好不仅仅取决于你快速轻松学习的能力呢?

---

So I left the classroom, and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.  所以我离开了教室，去了研究生院，想成为一名心理学家。

I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of super challenging settings, and in every study my question was, who is successful here and why?  我开始在各种极具挑战性的环境中研究儿童和成人，在每次研究中，我的问题都是，谁会成功，为什么?

My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.  我和我的研究团队去了西点军校。

We tried to predict which cadets would stay in military training and which would drop out.  我们试图预测哪些学员会继续接受军事训练，哪些会退出。

We went to the National Spelling Bee and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition.  我们去看了全国拼字比赛，试着预测哪些孩子在比赛中会走得最远。

We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods, asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching by the end of the school year, and of those, who will be the most effective at improving learning outcomes for their students?  我们研究了在非常艰苦的社区工作的新老师，问他们哪些老师在学年结束前还会在这里教书，在这些老师中，谁会最有效地提高学生的学习成果?

We partnered with private companies, asking, which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?  我们与私人公司合作，询问这些销售人员中哪些人能保住工作?

And who's going to earn the most money?  谁赚的钱最多?

In all those very different contexts, one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success.  在所有这些非常不同的情况下，有一个特征成为成功的重要预测因素。

And it wasn't social intelligence.  它不是社交能力。

It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't I.Q. It was grit.

 不是漂亮的外表，不是健康的身体，也不是智商，而是勇气。

---

Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.  毅力是对长期目标的激情和毅力。

Grit is having stamina.  毅力就是有耐力。

Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years, and working really hard to make that future a reality.  毅力是坚持你的未来，日复一日，不只是一周，不只是一个月，而是几年，努力工作，让未来成为现实。

Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.毅力是把生活当成一场马拉松，而不是短跑。

---

A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools.  几年前，我开始在芝加哥的公立学校研究毅力。

I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate.  我让数千名高中三年级学生接受了关于毅力的问卷调查，然后等了一年多，看谁能毕业。

Turns out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure, things like family income, standardized achievement test scores, even how safe kids felt when they were at school.  事实证明，更有毅力的孩子明显更有可能毕业，即使我在每一个我能衡量的特征上匹配他们，比如家庭收入、标准化成绩测试分数，甚至孩子在学校的安全感。

So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee that grit matters.  因此，不仅仅是在西点军校(West Point)或全国拼字比赛(National Spelling Bee)上，勇气才是最重要的。

It's also in school, especially for kids at risk for dropping out. 在学校也是如此，尤其是那些有辍学风险的孩子。

To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows, about building it.  对我来说，关于毅力最令人震惊的事情是我们对如何培养毅力知之甚少，科学对如何培养毅力知之甚少。

---

Every day, parents and teachers ask me, "How do I build grit in kids?  每天，父母和老师都在问我，“我怎样才能培养孩子们的毅力?”

What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?  我该怎么做才能教会孩子扎实的职业道德?

How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"  我如何让他们保持长期的动力?”

The honest answer is, I don't know.  诚实的回答是，我不知道。

(Laughter) What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.  (笑声)我所知道的是，才华并不能让你变得坚韧不拔。

---

Our data show very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitments.  我们的数据清楚地表明，有许多有才能的人只是不遵守他们的承诺。

In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated or even inversely related to measures of talent.

 事实上，在我们的数据中，毅力通常与才能的衡量标准无关，甚至成反比。

So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids is something called "growth mindset."  到目前为止，我所听说过的培养孩子勇气的最好方法是“成长心态”。

This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck, and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort.  这是斯坦福大学的Carol Dweck提出的一个观点，认为学习能力不是固定不变的，它会随着你的努力而改变。

Dr. Dweck has shown that when kids read and learn about the brain and how it changes and grows in response to challenge, they're much more likely to persevere when they fail, because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.德韦克博士已经证明，当孩子们阅读和了解大脑以及大脑如何在面对挑战时发生变化和成长时，他们更有可能在失败时坚持下去，因为他们不相信失败是一种永久性的状态。

---

So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.  所以成长型心态是培养毅力的好方法。

But we need more.  但我们需要更多。

And that's where I'm going to end my remarks, because that's where we are.  这就是我要结束我的演讲的地方，因为这就是我们现在的情况。

That's the work that stands before us.  这就是摆在我们面前的工作。

We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions, and we need to test them.  我们需要拿出我们最好的想法，我们最强的直觉，我们需要测试它们。

We need to measure whether we've been successful, and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned.我们需要衡量我们是否成功，我们必须愿意失败，愿意犯错，并吸取教训重新开始。

In other words, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier.换句话说，我们要让我们的孩子更有毅力。

Thank you.谢谢你！

链接如下：

TED：Grit: The power of passion and perseverance（Angela Lee Duckworth）