Raspberry Pi 3B 安装Miniconda

组件：

• Raspberry Pi 3B 1G

环境：

• Linux raspbian 5.4.83
• 指令集：aarch64
• Miniconda 4.9.2
• Python 3.8.11
• Raspberry Pi 4B系统：
  • 2021-01-04-OPENFANS-Debian-Buster-Desktop-Aarch64-ext4-v2021-2.0-U6-Release.img

注意：仅支持Raspberry Pi 4B 64位系统安装 Miniconda

查看内存信息

pi@raspbian:~/Software/vvcat_bot$ free
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:         929804      370128      273192        4832      286484      481116
Swap:       1048572      245248      803324

查看系统信息

lsb_release  -a

pi@raspbian:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)
Release: 10
Codename: buster

查看树莓派的Linux版本

uname -a

pi@raspbian:~/Software$ uname -a
Linux raspbian 5.4.83-OPENFANS+20210102-v8 #1 SMP Sat Jan 2 21:52:54 CST 2021 aarch64 GNU/Linux

注意：如果你的Linux操作系统为32位的 请下载armv7结尾的.sh文件，但是Miniconda对armv7的支持版本已经很古老了，在创建虚拟环境Python3.7以上貌似都会出现问题，勉强支持到Python3.4版本左右，而且官方的作者对armv7结尾的.sh文件已经停更很久了，不建议安装使用，推荐树莓派安装64位的Linux。

Miniconda对armv7的支持参考：https://github.com/jjhelmus/berryconda

下载 miniconda

miniconda官方下载地址：https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/
miniconda清华镜像下载地址：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/miniconda/

因为我树莓派的Linux指令集为 aarch64，所在miniconda官方仓库中选择了 Linux-aarch64 版本的，根据自己树莓派Linux的版本选择对应的版本，否则安装或在使用中会出错。

如果需要下载 Miniconda3-python3.7的安装包，则执行以下这条

wget https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-py37_4.9.2-Linux-aarch64.sh

如果需要下载 Miniconda3-python3.9的安装包，则执行以下这条

wget https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-py39_4.9.2-Linux-aarch64.sh

pi@raspbian:~/Software$ wget https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-py39_4.9.2-Linux-aarch64.sh
–2021-09-01 15:22:21-- https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-py39_4.9.2-Linux-aarch64.sh
Resolving repo.continuum.io (repo.continuum.io)… 104.18.201.79, 104.18.200.79, 2606:4700::6812:c84f, …
Connecting to repo.continuum.io (repo.continuum.io)|104.18.201.79|:443… connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 301 Moved Permanently
Location: https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-py39_4.9.2-Linux-aarch64.sh [following]
–2021-09-01 15:22:24-- https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-py39_4.9.2-Linux-aarch64.sh
Resolving repo.anaconda.com (repo.anaconda.com)… 104.16.131.3, 104.16.130.3, 2606:4700::6810:8203, …
Connecting to repo.anaconda.com (repo.anaconda.com)|104.16.131.3|:443… connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 200 OK
Length: 79911973 (76M) [application/x-sh]
Saving to: ‘Miniconda3-py39_4.9.2-Linux-aarch64.sh’
Miniconda3-py39_4.9.2-Linu 100%[=======================================>] 76.21M 7.14MB/s in 15s
2021-09-01 15:22:39 (5.17 MB/s) - ‘Miniconda3-py39_4.9.2-Linux-aarch64.sh’ saved [79911973/79911973]

安装 Miniconda3

Miniconda3-python3.7的安装

/bin/bash Miniconda3-py37_4.9.2-Linux-aarch64.sh

Miniconda3-python3.9的安装

/bin/bash Miniconda3-py39_4.9.2-Linux-aarch64.sh

安装操作，一直按回车即可，如果有阅读协议，可以按 s 键快速跳过。

Last updated September 28, 2020
Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no]
[no] >>> yes
Miniconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/root/miniconda3
- Press ENTER to confirm the location
- Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
- Or specify a different location below
[/root/miniconda3] >>>
PREFIX=/root/miniconda3
Unpacking payload …
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
…
…
…
Preparing transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
installation finished.
Do you wish the installer to initialize Miniconda3
by running conda init? [yes|no]
[no] >>> yes
no change /home/pi/miniconda3/condabin/conda
no change /home/pi/miniconda3/bin/conda
no change /home/pi/miniconda3/bin/conda-env
no change /home/pi/miniconda3/bin/activate
no change /home/pi/miniconda3/bin/deactivate
no change /home/pi/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
no change /home/pi/miniconda3/etc/fish/conf.d/conda.fish
no change /home/pi/miniconda3/shell/condabin/Conda.psm1
no change /home/pi/miniconda3/shell/condabin/conda-hook.ps1
no change /home/pi/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/xontrib/conda.xsh
no change /home/pi/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.csh
modified /home/pi/.bashrc
==>For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell. <==
If you’d prefer that conda’s base environment not be activated on startup,
set the auto_activate_base parameter to false:

conda config --set auto_activate_base false

Thank you for installing Miniconda3!

使用 cat 查看是否配置了Miniconda3 的环境变量，如果没有需要在.bashrc文件末尾自己手动添加

cat ~/.bashrc

根据 miniconda3 安装的路径，添加对应的环境变量

vim ~/.bashrc

export PATH=/home/pi/miniconda3/bin:$PATH

更新配置文件

如果不更新配置文件会找不到 conda 命令

source ~/.bashrc

例如：

pi@raspbian:~$ conda -V
conda: command not found

查看安装的 conda 版本：

conda -V

(base)pi@raspbian:~/Software$ conda -V
conda 4.9.2

查看已安装依赖

conda list

(base) pi@raspbian:~/Software$ conda list
# packages in environment at /home/pi/miniconda3/envs/qqbot:
#
# Name Version Build Channel
_libgcc_mutex 0.1 main
_openmp_mutex 5.1 51_gnu
ca-certificates 2021.7.5 hd43f75c_1
certifi 2021.5.30 py38hd43f75c_0
ld_impl_linux-aarch64 2.36.1 h0ab8de2_3
libffi 3.3 h7c1a80f_2
libgcc-ng 10.2.0 h1234567_51
libgomp 10.2.0 h1234567_51
libstdcxx-ng 10.2.0 h1234567_51
ncurses 6.2 hfd63f10_0
openssl 1.1.1k hfd63f10_1
pip 21.2.4 py38hd43f75c_0
python 3.8.11 hc137634_1
readline 8.1 hfd63f10_0
setuptools 52.0.0 py38hd43f75c_0
sqlite 3.36.0 h6632b73_0
tk 8.6.10 h8ea0f78_0
wheel 0.37.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0
xz 5.2.5 hfd63f10_1
zlib 1.2.11 hfd63f10_5

创建虚拟环境

格式如下：

conda create -n [虚拟环境名称] python=[版本号]

示例：

conda create -n qqbot python=3.8

激活刚创建的虚拟环境

格式如下：

source activate [虚拟环境名称]

示例：

source activate qqbot 

查看虚拟环境中的Python版本

python --version

(qqbot) pi@raspbian:~/Software$ python --version
Python 3.8.11

安装依赖

conda install [依赖名称]

pip install [依赖名称]

卸载miniconda

找到miniconda3的文件夹，使用rm命令将它删除：

sudo rm -rf miniconda3/

然后，用vim命令进入.bashrc文件，将conda的语句用#注释掉

vim ~/.bashrc

最后，重新更新一下.bashrc文件就可以了。

source ~/.bashrc

遇到的问题

在安装 miniconda 4.10.1 遇到了以下问题，采用了降版本的方式解决了问题。

conda list Illegal instruction

注：目前大于4.9版本的miniconda不适配树莓派arm64架构操作系统，安装后无法正常使用！

参考：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/68099000/conda-init-illegal-instruction-core-dumped

如果需要安装64位Linux

（推荐）树莓派爱好者基地：https://github.com/openfans-community-offical/Debian-Pi-Aarch64