c虚函数表

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
class Father {
public:
virtual void func1() { cout << "Father::func1" << endl; }
virtual void func2() { cout << "Father::func2" << endl; }
virtual void func3() { cout << "Father::func3" << endl; }
void func4() { cout << "非虚函数：Father::func4" << endl; }
public:  //为了便于测试，特别该用public
int x = 100;
int y = 200;
static int z;
};
 
typedef void (*func_t)(void);
int Father::z = 1;
int main(void) {
Father father;
 
// 含有虚函数的对象的内存中，最先存储的就是“虚函数表”
cout << "对象地址：" << (int*)&father << endl;
 
int* vptr = (int*)*(int*)&father;
cout << "虚函数表指针vptr：" << vptr << endl;
 
cout << "调用第1个虚函数: ";
((func_t) * (vptr + 0))();
 
cout << "调用第2个虚函数：";
((func_t) * (vptr + 1))();
 
cout << "调用第3个虚函数: ";
((func_t) * (vptr + 2))();
 

cout << "第1个数据成员的地址: " << endl;
cout <<  &father.x << endl;
cout << std::hex << (int)&father + 4 << endl;
cout << "第1个数据成员的值：" << endl;
cout << std::dec <<  father.x << endl;
cout << *(int*)((int)&father + 4) << endl;
 
cout << "第2个数据成员的地址: " << endl;
cout << &father.y << endl;
cout << std::hex << (int)&father + 8 << endl;
cout << "第2个数据成员的值：" << endl;
cout << std::dec << father.y << endl;
cout << *(int*)((int)&father + 8) << endl;
 
cout << "sizeof(father)==" << sizeof(father) << endl;
 
Father father2;
cout << "father的虚函数表：";
cout << *(int*)(*(int*)&father) << endl;
cout << "father2的虚函数表：";
cout << *(int*)(*(int*)&father2) << endl;
 
system("pause");
return 0;
}

执行效果：

对象内，首先存储的是“虚函数表指针”，又称“虚表指针”。

然后再存储非静态数据成员。

对象的非虚函数，保存在类的代码中！

对象的内存，只存储虚函数表和数据成员

（类的静态数据成员，保存在数据区中，和对象是分开存储的）

添加虚函数后，对象的内存空间不变！仅虚函数表中添加条目

多个对象，共享同一个虚函数表！

使用继承的虚函数表

Demo.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
class Father {
public:
virtual void func1() { cout << "Father::func1" << endl; }
virtual void func2() { cout << "Father::func2" << endl; }
virtual void func3() { cout << "Father::func3" << endl; }
void func4() { cout << "非虚函数：Father::func4" << endl; }
public:  //为了便于测试，特别该用public
int x = 100;
int y = 200;
};
 
class Son : public Father {
public:
void func1() { cout << "Son::func1" << endl; }
virtual void func5() { cout << "Son::func5" << endl; }
};
 
typedef void (*func_t)(void);
 
int main(void) {
Father father;
Son  son;
 
// 含有虚函数的对象的内存中，最先存储的就是“虚函数表”
cout << "son对象地址：" << (int*)&son << endl;
 
int* vptr = (int*)*(int*)&son;
cout << "虚函数表指针vptr：" << vptr << endl;
 
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
cout << "调用第" << i + 1 << "个虚函数：";
((func_t) * (vptr + i))();
}

for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
// +4 是因为先存储了虚表指针
cout << *(int*)((int)&son + 4 + i * 4) << endl;
}
 
system("pause");
return 0;
}

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发布于 2022-06-11 18:42