专升本——虚拟语气

1、if引导的虚拟语气

1.1、含义

• 虚拟：与事实相反的情况（假的，不真实的）
  eg:如果（if(从句))我现在是个女孩，（没有if的是主句）我就嫁给我自己。
• 语气：动词的形式

1.2、公式表

	if从句V	主句V
与现在事实相反	did/were	wcsm+do
与过去事实想法	had done	wcsm+have done
与将来事实相反	1.did,2.should do,3.were to do	wcsm+do

• 注:wcsm:
  1. would 想要，将要，就会（万能词）
  2. could 能够
  3. should 应该
  4. might 可能
• 例句：
  1. 如果马云现在是我爸，我就可以买买买了。
     If MaYun were my father now，I could buy anything I want.
  2. 如果我那天化妆了，我就有男朋友了。
     If I had made up that day,I would have had a boyfriend.
  3. 如果地球明天爆炸，我就可以放假了。
     If the earth exploded/should explode/were to explode tomorrow,I would take a holiday.

1.3、练习

1. If it ___ another ten minutes，the game would have been called off.

   • A. had rained
   • B. would have rained
   • C. have seen
   • D. rained

2. I would have gone to the meeting if I ___ time.

   • A. had had
   • B. have had
   • C. had
   • D.would have had

3. If we ___ here ten minutes earlier,we ___ the bus.

   • A. arrived; would catch
   • B. arrived; would have caught
   • C. had arrived; had caught
   • D. had arrived; would have caught

1.4、if的三种变形

1. 三词提前（if从句中有were，had，should）
   1. 省略if
   2. 将三词置于句首
   3. 其它不变
      eg. If MaYun were my father now,I would buy anything I want.
      Were MaYun my fater now,I would buy anything I want.
      eg. If I had made up that day,I would have had a boyfried.
      Had I made up that day,I would have had a boyfried.
      eg. If JJ married were to/should marry me tomorrow,I would throw money on the roof.
      Were/Should JJ to marry me tomorrow,I would throw money on the roof.
2. 介词短语代替if从句
   • Without（如果没有···）+名词
   • But for（要不是···）+名词
     优先选择：与过去事实相反 wcsm+have done
     PS：若选项无过去则选 wcsm+do
     要不是有你的帮助，我昨天考试就挂科了。
     Without/But for your help,I would have failed my exam yesterday.
3. 错综时间条件句（从句与主句时间不一致）
   • 看时间填动词
     如果你两年前把他甩了，现在就什么事都没有了。
     If you had dumped him two years ago,everything would be all right now.

1.5、练习2

1. I didn’t know his telephone number. ___ It,I ___ then.
   • A. Had I known; would have rung him up
   • B. Should I known; would have rung him up
   • C. If I knew; would ring him up
   • D. Had I known; would ring him up
2. But for the fog, we ___ our scholl.
   • A. would reach
   • B. have reached
   • C. had reached
   • D. should have reached
3. If the had started earlier than expected, they ___ here now.
   • A. would be
   • B. might be
   • C. would have been
   • D. have been

2、wish的虚拟

2.1、含义

• 可实现 hope
• 不可实现 wish
• 虚拟句型：主+wish+（that）+主语+V

2.2、公式表

	wish后面句子的动词
与现在事实相反	did/were
与过去事实相反	had done
与将来事实相反	would/could+do

• 例句：
  1. 我希望科比现在活着。
     I wish that Kobe were alive now.
  2. 我希望科比那天没有坐直升机。
     I wish that Kobe hadn't taken the helicopter that day.
  3. 我希望明天科比复活。
     I wish that Kobe could relive tomorrow.

2.3、 注意（用法同wish）：

1. as if/as though(好像）
2. if only(要是···就好)
3. 例句：
   1. 你现在好像个老头子。
   You look as if you were an old now.
   2. 如果你明天能来英国给我做饭就好了。
   If only you would come to England to cook for me tomorrow.

2.4、练习：

1. He has just arrived,but he talks as if ___ all about that.
   • A. know
   • B. knows
   • C. known
   • D. knew

3、命令式虚拟

• Should （应该）+
  1. do （主动）
  2. be done （被动）

1. 特殊V.之后：主语+特殊V.+that+主语+（should） do/be done（should后面的动词永远为原型）

• 特殊动词
  1. 一个坚持： insist
  2. 一个宁愿： prefer
  3. 两个命令： order，command
  4. 四个建议： suggest，advise，propose，recommend
  5. 四个要求： desire，demand，require，request
• eg. 我建议你管好自己
  I suggest that you mind your own business.

2. 特殊adj.之后：It is+特殊adj+that+主语+（should）do/be done（should后面的be动词永远为原型）

• 特殊形容词
  1. 五大要：important，vital，necessary，essential，urgent
  2. 奇怪的：strange
  3. 自然地：natural
• eg. It is necessary that the room be cleaned on time.

3.1、high/about

1. It is high（about） time that+主语+V（到了该···的时候了）
   1. V：did(优先选）
   2. V：Should do/be done

• eg. It is high time that we went home.

3.2、补充：

• 同原词用法相同

2. suggest
   1. 建议（虚拟）
   2. 表明/暗示（不虚拟）
3. insist
   1. 坚持要求（虚拟）
   2. 坚持认为（不虚拟）

4、Would rather（宁愿）

• Would rather：
  1. +do （宁愿做某事）
  2. +do A than do B （宁愿做A也不愿意做B）

4.1、虚拟用法

• Would rather+主语+句子V
  1. 句子V：现在/将来 did/were
  2. 句子V：过去 had done
• eg. 我宁愿不去演唱会也不买黄牛票。
  I would rather not go to the concert rather than than buy scalper ticket.
• eg. 我宁愿我现在有钱买一张黄牛票。
  I would rather I had money to buy scalper ticket now.

4.2、练习

1. My girlfriend invited me to the movies，but I said I’d rather ___ watching TV.
   • A. stay at home
   • B. stayed at home
   • C. staying at home
   • D. to stay at home
2. George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I’d rather he ___ more on its culture.
   • A. focus
   • B. focused
   • C. would focus
   • D. had focused
3. I would ___ we stayed at home this evening.
   • A. prefer
   • B. rather
   • C. better
   • D. have
4. The weather was rather terrible last night. I would rather I ___ the party.
   • A. didn’t attend
   • B. won’t attend
   • C. hadn’t attended
   • D. hasn’t attended

5、补充

• or/otherwise（否则）
  1. 现/将：w/c+do
  2. 过去：w/c+have done
• 句式结构：前真后假
  1. eg. 你很强壮，否则别人现在就欺负你。
     You are very strong, otherwise will bully you now.
• 当or/otherwise被but代替时，句子前假后真
  1. eg. 别人现在就欺负你，但是你太强壮了。
     Others bully you now, but you are very strong.