语法:
SELECT 分组函数,列(要求出现在GROUP BY的后面)
FROM 表名
【WHERE 筛选条件】
GROUP BY 分组列表
【ORDER BY 子句】
注意:查询列表必须特殊,要求是分组函数和GROUP BY后出现的字段
特点:
1.分组查询中的筛选条件分为两类
分组前筛选(WHERE):数据源为原始表
分组后筛选(HAVING):数据源为筛选分组后的临时数据源
①分组函数做条件肯定是放在HAVING子句中
②能用分组前筛选的尽量使用分组前筛选
2.group BY 子句支持单个字段分组,多个字段分组(多个字段之间用逗号隔开,没有顺序要求),表达式或函数(使用较少)
3.也可以添加排序,位置在分组查询后
案例:查询每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary
) AS 平均工资 , department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
;
案例1:查询每个工种的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary
) AS 最高工资,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
;
案例2:查询每个位置上的部门个数
SELECT COUNT(*),location_id
FROM departments
GROUP BY(location_id
);
添加筛选条件
案例1:查询邮箱中包含a字符的,每个部门的平均工资
SELECT
AVG(salary
),
department_id
FROM
employees
WHERE email
LIKE “%a%”
GROUP BY department_id
;
案例 2 :查询有奖金的每个领导手下的员工最高工资
SELECT
MAX(salary
),
manager_id
FROM
employees
WHERE commission_pct
IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id
;
添加较复杂的筛选条件 having关键字
案例 1 :查询哪个部门的员工个数 > 2
SELECT
COUNT(),
department_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING COUNT()>2;
案例2:查询每个工种有奖金的员工最高工资>12000的工种编号和最高工资
SELECT
MAX(salary
)AS 最高工资,
job_id
FROM
employees
WHERE job_id
IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING 最高工资>12000;
案例3:查询领导编号>102的每个领导手下的最低工资>5000的领导编号是哪个,以及其最低工资
SELECT
MIN(salary
),
manager_id
FROM
employees
WHERE manager_id
>102
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary
)>5000;
按表达式或函数分组
案例:按员工姓名的长度分组,查询每一组的员工个数,筛选员工个数>5的有哪些
SELECT
COUNT(),
LENGTH(last_name
)
FROM
employees
GROUP BY LENGTH(last_name
)
HAVING COUNT()>5;
按多个字段分组
案例1:查询每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资
SELECT
AVG(salary
),
department_id
,
job_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY department_id
,job_id
;
案例2:查询每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资大于10000的,并且按照平均工资的高低显示
SELECT
AVG(salary
) AS 平均工资,
department_id
,
job_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY department_id
,job_id
HAVING 平均工资>10000
ORDER BY 平均工资 DESC;
练习题:
1.查询各job_id的员工工资的最大值,最小值,平均值,总和,并按job_id升序
SELECT
MAX(salary
),MIN(salary
),AVG(salary
),SUM(salary
),job_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY job_id
ORDER BY job_id
;
2.查询员工最高工资和最低工资的差距(diffrence)
SELECT
MAX(salary
) - MIN(salary
) AS diffrence
FROM
employees
;
3.查询各个管理者手下员工的最低工资,其中最低工资不能低于6000,没有管理者的员工不计算在内
SELECT
MIN(salary
)AS 最低工资,manager_id
FROM
employees
WHERE manager_id
IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING 最低工资>6000;
4.查询所有部门的编号,员工数量和工资平均值,并按照平均工资降序
SELECT
department_id
,COUNT(*),AVG(salary
) AS 平均工资
FROM
employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY 平均工资 DESC;
5.选择具有各个job_id的员工人数
SELECT
COUNT(*) AS 员工人数,job_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY job_id
;