matplotlib常用方法总结
中文显示
import matplotlib
matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用黑体显示中文
柱状图
data= [4.9,4.6,3.2,3.4,3.5,4.3,4.5,5.0]
labels = ['唯品会', '网易严选', '拼多多', '京东', '淘宝',"阿里巴巴","苏宁易购","必要"]
plt.title("电商平台下载量")
plt.xlabel("电商平台")
plt.ylabel("下载次数/万次")
plt.bar(range(len(data)), data, tick_label=labels,width=0.6,alpha=0.8)
plt.show()
扇形图
plt.figure(figsize=(6,9)) #调节图形大小
labels = ["上海","江苏","浙江","安徽","福建","江西","山东"]
#定义标签
sizes = [440696, 2053630, 1545153, 813279,702826,454387,1801301]
# 定义值
# colors = ['green', 'yellow', 'blue', 'red']
# explode = (0,0,0,0)
#将某一块分割出来,值越大分割出的间隙越大
patches,text1,text2 = plt.pie(sizes,
# explode=explode,
labels=labels,
# colors=colors,
autopct = '%3.2f%%', #数值保留固定小数位
shadow = False, #无阴影设置
startangle =90, #逆时针起始角度设置
pctdistance = 0.6) #数值距圆心半径倍数距离
#patches饼图的返回值,texts1饼图外label的文本,texts2饼图内部的文本
# x,y轴刻度设置一致,保证饼图为圆形
plt.axis('equal')
plt.legend() # 右上角显示
plt.title("华中地区企业占比")
plt.show()
柱线混合,不同y轴
fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
years = [x for x in range(2010,2020) ]
graduate_num = [662,682,689,700,721,738,749,762,791,915]
school_num = [x for x in range(2358,2688,25)]
school_num[3:7]=[]
# 设置标题
plt.title("全国高等院校数及学生统计数")
# 为两条坐标轴设置名称
plt.xlabel("年份")
ax1.set_ylim([600,1000])
ax1.set_ylabel("学生数 /万人")
ax2.set_ylabel("高等院校数")
# 双Y轴标签颜色设置
ax2.yaxis.label.set_color("red")
# 双Y轴刻度颜色设置
ax2.tick_params(axis = 'y', colors = "red")
for a, b in zip(years, school_num):
ax2.text(a, b, b, ha='center', va='bottom',fontsize=8)
ax1.bar(years, graduate_num, width=0.4,alpha=0.7)
ax2.plot(years, school_num,color='red',alpha=0.3,linestyle='--')
plt.show()
方法就是sub子图,对不同子图画不同的图形,改变y轴坐标