Hibernate关联关系（多对多）

了解Hibernate多对多

首先我们在数据库中不能直接映射多对多 我们处理方式就是创建一个桥接表(中间表)，将一个多对多关系转换成两个一对多（数据库多表联接查询永远就是二个表的联接查询）

Hibernate的多对多： hibernate可以直接映射多对多关联关系(看作两个一对多)
在hibernate中，你只管查询当前表对象即可, hibernate会自动关联桥表以及关联表查询出关联对象

它的注意事项

1 一定要定义一个主控方
2 多对多删除
3 主控方直接删除
4 被控方先通过主控方解除多对多关系，再删除被控方
5 禁用级联删除
6 关联关系编辑，不需要直接操作桥接表，hibernate的主控方会自动维护

多对多案例：
自关联查询 菜单表
多对多级联查询 书籍表、书籍类别表

实体类

Book

	private Integer bookId;
	private String bookName;
	private Float price;
	
	private Set<Category> categories = new HashSet<Category>();
	private Integer initCategories = 0;

Category

	private Integer categoryId;
	private String categoryName;
	private Set<Book> books = new HashSet<Book>();

配置相对应的hibernate映射文件

book.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.n.entity.Book" table="t_hibernate_book">
		<cache usage="read-only" region="com.zking.five.entity.Book"/>
		<id name="bookId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="book_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="bookName" type="java.lang.String"
			column="book_name">
		</property>
		<property name="price" type="java.lang.Float"
			column="price">
		</property>
		
		<!-- 
			table:代表的是中间表
			name:书籍类的关联属性
			inverse:中间表交与对方维护
			key:当前类对应的表列段在中间表（t_hibernate_book_category）中的外键
			many-to-many:
					column:对应的是上面key查出来中间表（t_hibernate_book_category）的另一个字段cid，当作关联表的主键(category_id)进行查询
					class：上述查出来的主键对应的实体类
					
				
		 -->
		<set table="t_hibernate_book_category" name="categories" cascade="save-update" inverse="false">
			<!-- one -->
			<key column="bid"></key>
			<!-- many -->
			<many-to-many column="cid" class="com.n.entity.Category"></many-to-many>
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

category.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.n.entity.Category" table="t_hibernate_category">
		<id name="categoryId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="category_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="categoryName" type="java.lang.String"
			column="category_name">
		</property>
		
		<set table="t_hibernate_book_category" name="books" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
			<key column="cid"></key>
			<many-to-many column="bid" class="com.n.entity.Book"></many-to-many>
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

在主配置文件加入上面两个配置映射文件

		<!-- 多对多的自关联 -->
		<mapping resource="com/n/entity/book.hbm.xml"/>
		<mapping resource="com/n/entity/category.hbm.xml"/>

Dao

bookDao

package com.n.dao;


import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.h.util.SessionFactoryUtils;
import com.n.entity.Book;
import com.n.entity.Category;



public class BookDao{
	public Integer addBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer bid = (Integer) session.save(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return bid;
	}
	
	public Integer addCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer cid = (Integer) session.save(category);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return cid;
	}
	
	public Category getCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return c;
	}
	
	public Book getBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Book b = session.get(Book.class, book.getBookId());
		if (b != null && new Integer(1).equals(book.getInitCategories())) {
			Hibernate.initialize(b.getCategories());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return b;
	}
	
	public void delBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		session.delete(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	public void delCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		if(c!=null) {
			for (Book b : c.getBooks()) {
//				通过在被控方通过主控方来解除关联关系，最后被控方再做删除
				b.getCategories().remove(c);
			}
		}
		session.delete(c);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
}

juit 测试增加方法，当我们book为false，category为true是，中间表也增加了一条数据

package com.n.dao;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.n.entity.Book;
import com.n.entity.Category;


public class BookDaoTest {
	private BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();

	@Test
	public void testGetBook() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookId(3);
		book.setInitCategories(1);
		Book b = this.bookDao.getBook(book );
		System.out.println(b.getBookName());
		System.out.println(b.getCategories());
	}
	
	/**
	 * book.hbm.xml	inverse=fasle
	 * category.hbm.xml inverse=true
	 * 数据添加正常
	 * 书籍表、桥接表各新增一条数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("丹麦");
		book.setPrice(10f);
		Category category = new Category();
		category.setCategoryId(5);
//		直接将category对象加入到新建的book中是错误的，因为此时的category是临时态的，hibernate是不会管理的
//		book.getCategories().add(category);
		Category c = this.bookDao.getCategory(category);
		
//		c.getBooks().add(book);
		book.getCategories().add(c);
		this.bookDao.addBook(book);
	}

	/**
	 * book.hbm.xml	inverse=true
	 * category.hbm.xml inverse=true
	 * 只增加书籍表数据
	 * 桥接表不加数据
	 * 原因：双方都没有去维护关系
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("玻璃");
		book.setPrice(10f);
		Category category = new Category();
		category.setCategoryId(5);
		Category c = this.bookDao.getCategory(category);
		
		book.getCategories().add(c);
		this.bookDao.addBook(book);
//		c.getBooks().add(book);
	}
	
	
}

它的主要流程
以查询book_id=8 圣墟这本书为例
1、通过建模反射自动生成sql，可以拿到book_id=8这条记录的基本信息{book_id=8,book_name=圣墟,price=40}
2、book_id=8 =》bid=8 去查询中间表t_hibernate_book_category，
拿到了cid=8,9
3、cid=8,9 =》 t_hibernate_book_category的category_id=8,9
4、拿到了当前book实例对应的category的集合
5、最终拿到{book_id=8,book_name=圣墟，price=40,categories=[[Category [categoryId=3, categoryName=历史], Category [categoryId=1, categoryName=古典]]}