程序的控制
1、单分支结构
#单分支结构
guess=eval(input())
print('猜{}了'.format("对1"if guess==99 else"错1"))
print('-------------分割线------------------')
#二分支结构
guess1=eval(input())
if guess1==99:
print('猜对了')
else:
print('猜错了')
print('-------------分割线------------------')
2、多分支结构
#根据输入的分数判断等级
while True:
grade = "不及格"
score=eval(input())
if score>=90:
grade="A"
elif score>=80:
grade = "B"
elif score>=70:
grade = "C"
elif score>=60:
grade = "D"
print("输入成绩属于级别{}".format(grade))
3、循环控制保留字
continue结束当次循环,继续执行后续次数循环
break跳出并结束当前整个循环,执行循环后的语句
#循环控制保留字
""""break跳出并结束当前整个循环,执行循环后的语句
continue结束当次循环,继续执行后续次数循环
"""
for c in "Python":
if c=="t":
continue
print(c,end="")
for c in "Python":
if c=="t":
break
print(c,end="")
print(" ")
s="PYTHON"
while s!="":
for c in s:
print(c,end="")
print(" ")
s=s[:-1]
s="PYTHON"
while s!="":
for c in s:
if c=="T":
break
print(c,end="")
print(" ")
s=s[:-1]
s="PYTHON"
while s!="":
for c in s:
if c=="T":
continue
print(c,end="")
print(" ")
s=s[:-1]
4、循环的高级用法
用于检测循环的执行状况,即是否break退出循环了
#通过else知道循环是否被break退出
for c in"PYTHON":
if c=="T":
continue
print(c,end="")
else:
print("正常退出")
for c in"PYTHON":
if c=="T":
break
print(c,end="")
else:
print("正常退出")
5、无限循环
while:当条件成立时,一直循环
a=3
while a>0:
a=a-1
print(a)
a=3
while a>0:
a=a-1
print(a)
6、条件判断与组合
guess=eval(input())
if guess>99 or guess<99:
print("猜错了")
else :
print("猜对了")
input函数获取输入的字符串,eval函数获得字符串的值
or表示并
and表示且
7、遍历循环
用for来进行遍历循环
#计数循环
for i in range(5):
print("Hello",i)
for i in range(1,6):
print("Hello1",i)
for i in range(1,6,2):
print("Hello2",i)
#字符串遍历循环
for c in "Python123":
print(c,end=",")
#列表遍历循环
for item in [123,"PY",456]:
print(item,end=",")
#文件遍历循环
"""for line in fi:
print(line)"""
8、实例
身体质量指数BMI
height,weight=eval(input("请输入身高(米)和体重(公斤)【逗号隔开】:"))
bmi=weight/pow(height,2)
print("BMI 数值为:{:.2f}".format(bmi))
who,nat="",""
if bmi<18.5:
who,nat="偏瘦","偏瘦"
elif 18.5<=bmi<24:
who, nat = "正常", "正常"
elif 24<=bmi<25:
who, nat = "正常", "偏胖"
elif 25<=bmi<28:
who, nat = "偏胖", "偏胖"
elif 28<=bmi<30:
who, nat = "偏胖", "肥胖"
else:
who, nat = "肥胖", "肥胖"
print("BMI指标为:国际'{0}',国内'{1}'".format(who,nat))