C++类与对象__运算符重载

在某些特殊的运算情况下,以正常的运算方法不匹配时,就可以使用运算符重载;
注意:当重载运算符一样的时候,类内作为友元的只放一个就可以了!!!

头文件:
#include <string>
class COMPUTER{
public:
	COMPUTER(int val=0);
	std::string description();
private:
	int val;
};
实现cpp文件:
#include "COMPUTER.h"
#include <sstream>

COMPUTER::COMPUTER(int val){
	this->val = val;
}
std::string COMPUTER::description() {
	std::stringstream ret;
	ret << val << "台电脑";
	return ret.str();
}

头文件:
class COMPUTER;
class GAMES{
public:
	GAMES(int val=0);
	//注意operator这个数据后面接的是什么运算符,在调用时就是什么运算符
	//如:operator*;那么在主函数中调用肯定是T1*T2
	//operator本身就是一个对象,在那个类里,就是那个类的对象;

	COMPUTER operator*();//使用成员函数实现运算符重载,这是单目运算,也可以加参数
	friend COMPUTER operator+(GAMES& T1, GAMES& T3);//使用友元实现运算符重载

private:
	int val;
};
实现cpp文件:
#include "GAMES.h"
#include "COMPUTER.h"

GAMES::GAMES(int val) {
	this->val = val;
}

COMPUTER GAMES::operator*() {
	// 为了区分运算符, operator后面是什么运算符实现的时候最好一致;
	int tmp = this->val / 3;
	return COMPUTER(tmp);
}

测试函数:

/*
	运算符重载
	假设,一台电脑可以换3台游戏机
*/
#include "COMPUTER.h"
#include "GAMES.h"
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

//使用友元,实现运算符重载;
COMPUTER operator+(GAMES& T1,GAMES &T3) {
	int tmp = (T1.val+T3.val) / 3;
	return COMPUTER(tmp);
}
int main(void) {
	GAMES T1(10);
	GAMES T2(5);
	//友元实现运算符重载:
	COMPUTER K1 = T1 + T2;
	cout << K1.description() << endl;

	//成员函数实现运算符重载:
	COMPUTER K = T2.operator*();
	cout << K.description() << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

运行结果:

多种运算符的重载应用:

/*
	实现赋值运算符 =
	比较运算符 < > ==
	输入,输出运算符 <<  >>
	下标运算符 []
*/
#include "BOY.h"

//使用全局函数可以指定格式;使程序代码美观
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os,BOY&boy) {
	os << "名字:" << boy.name << "\t年龄:" << boy.age << "\t薪资:" << boy.salary << endl;
	return os;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& is,BOY&boy) {
	cout << "输入名字:";
	is >> boy.name;
	cout << "输入年龄:";
	is >> boy.age;
	cout << "输入薪资:";
	is >> boy.salary;
	return is;
}

int main(void) {
	BOY boy1("小龙", 28, 12000);
	BOY boy2("老王", 35, 16000);
	BOY boy3, boy4;
	
	//测试输出/输入运算符功能
	cout << boy1 << endl<< boy2 << endl;
	cin >> boy3 >> boy4;
	cout << boy3 << endl << boy4 << endl;

	//测试比较运算符功能
	if (boy1 > boy2) {
		cout << "选择boy1" << endl;
	}
	else if (boy1 == boy2) {
		cout << "不分伯仲,难以选择" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "选择boy2" << endl;
	}

	//测试下标运算符功能:枚举类型
	cout <<"名字:"<<boy1.getName()<< ",年龄:" << boy1[AGE] << ",薪资:" << boy1[SALARY]
		<< ",系数:" << boy1[POWER] << endl;

	//测试下标法运算符功能:宏定义类型
	cout << "名字:"<<boy2.getName()<<",年龄:" << boy2[BOY_AGE] << ",薪资:" << boy2[BOY_SALARY]
		<< ",系数:" << boy2[BOY_POWER] << endl;


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

#define BOY_AGE "age"
#define BOY_SALARY  "salary"
#define BOY_POWER  "power"

typedef enum{
	AGE,
	SALARY,
	POWER
}BOY_KEY;

class BOY{
public:
	BOY();//默认构造函数
	BOY(string, int, int);//构造函数
	~BOY(){}//析构函数
	string getName() { return name; }
	BOY& operator=(BOY& boy);//赋值函数
	bool operator>(BOY& boy);//大于,
	bool operator<(BOY& boy);//小于,
	bool operator==(BOY& boy);//等于,
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, BOY& boy);//输出:使用友元可以让格式更加美观
	friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, BOY& boy);//输入:解释同上

	//运算符下标法可以用enum(枚举) 和#define(宏定义)来实现
	int operator[](int number);//枚举实现
	int operator[](string index);//宏定义实现

private:
	string name;
	int age;
	int salary;
	int power();
};

#include "BOY.h"

BOY::BOY(){
	this->name = "无名";
	this->age = 0;
	this->salary = 0;
}

BOY::BOY(string name, int age, int salary){
	this->name = name;
	this->age = age;
	this->salary = salary;
}

BOY& BOY::operator=(BOY& boy){
	this->name = boy.name;
	this->age = boy.age;
	this->salary = boy.salary;
	return boy;
}

bool BOY::operator>(BOY& boy){
	if (power() > boy.power()) {
		return true;
	}
	else {
		return false;
	}
}

bool BOY::operator<(BOY& boy){
	if (power() < boy.power()) {
		return true;
	}
	else {
		return false;
	}
}

bool BOY::operator==(BOY& boy){
	if (power() == boy.power()) {
		return true;
	}
	else {
		return false;
	}
}

int BOY::operator[](int number){
	switch (number) {
	case AGE:
		return age;
	case SALARY:
		return salary;
	case POWER:
		return power();
	default:
		return -1;
	 }
}

int BOY::operator[](string index){
	if (index == BOY_AGE) {
		return age;
	}
	else if (index == BOY_SALARY) {
		return salary;
	}
	else if (index == BOY_POWER) {
		return power();
	}
	else {
		return 1;
	}
}

int BOY::power(){
	int tmp = salary - (age * 100);
	if (tmp < 0) {
		cout << "返回值错误!" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	return tmp;
}

运行结果: