LIBEVENT 框架
从LAMP说起: 是一个缩写,它指一组通常一起使用来运行动态网站或者服务器的自由软件
Linux - 操作系统
Apache - 网页服务器
MySQL - 数据库管理系统(或者数据库服务器)
PHP Perl 或 Python - 脚本语言
C10K 问题:并发能力突破不了1万连接
libevent是一个轻量级的开源的高性能的事件触发的网络库,适用于windows、linux、bsd等多种平台,内部使用select、epoll、kqueue等系统调用管理事件机制。
它被众多的开源项目使用,例如大名鼎鼎的memcached等。
特点:
事件驱动,高性能;
轻量级,专注于网络(相对于ACE);
开放源码,代码相当精炼、易读;
跨平台,支持Windows、Linux、BSD和Mac OS;
支持多种I/O多路复用技术(epoll、poll、dev/poll、select和kqueue等),在不同的操作系统下,做了多路复用模型的抽象,可以选择使用不同的模型,通过事件函数提供服务;
支持I/O,定时器和信号等事件;
采用Reactor模式;
libevent是一个典型的reactor模式的实现。
普通的函数调用机制:程序调用某个函数,函数执行,程序等待,函数将结果返回给调用程序(如果含有函数返回值的话),也就是顺序执行的。
Reactor模式的基本流程:应用程序需要提供相应的接口并且注册到reactor反应器上,如果相应的事件发生的话,那么reactor将自动调用相应的注册的接口函数(类似于回调函数)通知你,所以libevent是事件触发的网络库。
libevent的功能
Libevent提供了事件通知,io缓存事件,定时器,超时,异步解析dns,事件驱动的http server以及一个rpc框架。
事件通知:当文件描述符可读可写时将执行回调函数。
IO缓存:缓存事件提供了输入输出缓存,能自动的读入和写入,用户不必直接操作io。
定时器:libevent提供了定时器的机制,能够在一定的时间间隔之后调用回调函数。
信号:触发信号,执行回调。
异步的dns解析:libevent提供了异步解析dns服务器的dns解析函数集。
事件驱动的http服务器:libevent提供了一个简单的,可集成到应用程序中的HTTP服务器。
RPC客户端服务器框架:libevent为创建RPC服务器和客户端创建了一个RPC框架,能自动的封装和解封数据结构。
libevent官网
http://libevent.org/
安装步骤
注意:以root用户身份操作
1、下载源码包
https://github.com/libevent/libevent/releases/download/release-2.1.12-stable/libevent-2.1.12-stable.tar.gz
2、解压
tar zxvf libevent-2.1.12-stable.tar.gz
3、配置安装路径
cd libevent-2.1.12-stable
./configure --disable-openssl
4、编译并安装
make
make install
5、测试libevent是否安装成功:
# ls -la /usr/local/include | grep event
6、如果编译后的程序提示找不到libvent的so,则创建库的链接和缓存文件
ldconfig
编译选项 -levent
实现简单的客户端和服务器端通信
需求:客户端从控制台逐行输入数据,按回车键后将数据发送给服务器端,
服务器端收到请求后,再将收到的数据回传给客户端显示.
client.c
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<event.h>
#include<event2/util.h>
#include<iostream>
/*2.实现简单的客户端和服务器端通信
需求:客户端从控制台逐行输入数据,按回车键后将数据发送给服务器端,
服务器端收到请求后,再将收到的数据回传给客户端显示.*/
using namespace std;
#define MAX_LINKING_NUNBER 1024
typedef struct sockaddr s_sa;
//连接到服务器
int connect_server(const char* server_ip, const int port);
//把内容读取到控制台
void cmd_read_data(int fd, short events, void* arg);
//通过socket从服务器读取内容
void socket_read_data(int fd, short events, void* arg);
int main(int argc,char**argv) {
if (argc < 3) {
cout << "请输入两个参数: please input two parameters!" << endl;;
return -1;
}
//两个参数依次是服务器的ip地址和端口号
int sockfd = connect_server(argv[1], atoi(argv[2]));//atoi就是把()的参数转换为int类型
if (sockfd == -1) {
cout << "tcp 连接出错: tcp connect error!" << endl;
return -1;
}
cout << "连接到服务器成功: to server successfully!" << endl;
struct event_base* base = event_base_new();
struct event* ev_sockfd = event_new(base, sockfd, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST, socket_read_data, NULL);
event_add(ev_sockfd, NULL);
//监听终端输入事件
struct event* ev_cmd = event_new(base, STDIN_FILENO, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST, cmd_read_data, (void*)&sockfd);
event_add(ev_cmd, NULL);
event_base_dispatch(base);
cout << "程序结束: finished!" << endl;
return 0;
}
int connect_server(const char* server_ip, const int port) {
int sockfd=0;
int status=0;
int save_error=0;
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port = htons(port);
status = inet_aton(server_ip, &server_addr.sin_addr);
if (status == 0) {//服务器的地址数据不合法
errno = EINVAL;
return-1;
}
sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sockfd == -1) {
return sockfd;
}
status = connect(sockfd, (s_sa*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
if (status == -1) {
save_error = errno;
close(sockfd);
errno = save_error;//可能存在的错误
return -1;
}
return sockfd;
}
void cmd_read_data(int fd, short events, void* arg) {
char msg[MAX_LINKING_NUNBER];
int ret = read(fd, msg, sizeof(msg) - 1);
if (ret <= 0) {
cout << "读取失败: read fail!"<< endl;
exit(1);
}
int sockfd = *((int*)arg);//*((int*)arg)表示先把arg转换为int类型的指针变量,然后再解引
if (msg[ret - 1] == '\n')
msg[ret - 1] = '\0';
else
msg[ret] = '\0';
//把终端的消息发送给服务器,客户端忽略性能考虑,直接利用阻塞方式发送
cout << "内容写到服务器: data write to server!" << endl;
write(sockfd, msg, ret);
}
void socket_read_data(int fd, short events, void* arg) {
char msg[MAX_LINKING_NUNBER];
//为了简单起见,不考虑读一半数据的情况
int len = read(fd, msg, sizeof(msg) - 1);
if (len == 0) {
cout << "当前连接关闭直接退出: connection close exit!" << endl;
exit(1);
}
else if (len < 0) {
cerr << "数据读取出错: data read fail!" << endl;
return;
}
msg[len] = '\0';
cout << "接收到来自服务器的内容: recv from server:" << msg << endl;
}
server1.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <event.h>
#include <event2/event.h>
#include <assert.h>
#define BUFLEN 1024
typedef struct _ConnectStat {
struct event* ev;
char buf[BUFLEN];
}ConnectStat;
//echo 服务实现相关代码
ConnectStat * stat_init(int fd, struct event *ev);
void accept_connection(int fd, short events, void* arg);
void do_echo_request(int fd, short events, void *arg);
void do_echo_response(int fd, short events, void *arg);
int tcp_server_init(int port, int listen_num);
struct event_base* base;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
int listener = tcp_server_init(9999, 10);
if( listener == -1 )
{
perror(" tcp_server_init error ");
return -1;
}
base = event_base_new();
//添加监听客户端请求连接事件
struct event* ev_listen = event_new(base, listener, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST,
accept_connection, base);
event_add(ev_listen, NULL);
event_base_dispatch(base);
return 0;
}
ConnectStat * stat_init(int fd, struct event *ev) {
ConnectStat * temp = NULL;
temp = (ConnectStat *)malloc(sizeof(ConnectStat));
if (!temp) {
fprintf(stderr, "malloc failed. reason: %m\n");
return NULL;
}
memset(temp, '\0', sizeof(ConnectStat));
temp->ev = ev;
}
void accept_connection(int fd, short events, void* arg)
{
evutil_socket_t sockfd;
struct sockaddr_in client;
socklen_t len = sizeof(client);
sockfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&client, &len );
evutil_make_socket_nonblocking(sockfd);
printf("accept a client %d\n", sockfd);
struct event_base* base = (struct event_base*)arg;
//仅仅是为了动态创建一个event结构体
struct event *ev = event_new(NULL, -1, 0, NULL, NULL);
ConnectStat *stat = stat_init(sockfd, ev);
//将动态创建的结构体作为event的回调参数
event_assign(ev, base, sockfd, EV_READ ,
do_echo_request, (void*)stat);
event_add(ev, NULL);
}
void do_echo_request(int fd, short events, void *arg)
{
ConnectStat *stat = (ConnectStat *)arg;
struct event *ev = stat->ev;
char *msg = stat->buf;
printf("do echo request ...\n");
int len = read(fd, msg, BUFLEN - 1);
if( len <= 0 )
{
printf("connectin close or some error happen when read\n");
event_free(ev);
close(fd);
free(stat);
return ;
}
msg[len] = '\0';
printf("recv from client<<<< %s\n", msg);
event_set(ev, fd, EV_WRITE, do_echo_response, (void*)stat);
ev->ev_base = base;
event_add(ev, NULL);
//write(fd, reply_msg, strlen(reply_msg) );
}
void do_echo_response(int fd, short events, void *arg) {
ConnectStat * stat = (ConnectStat *)(arg);
struct event *ev = NULL;
assert(stat!=NULL);
ev = stat->ev;
int len = strlen(stat->buf);
printf("write to client>>>> %s\n", stat->buf);
int _s = write(fd, stat->buf, len);
if (_s > 0)
{
printf("write successfully.\n");
}else if (_s == 0) //client:close
{
fprintf(stderr,"Remote connection[fd: %d] has been closed\n", fd);
goto ERR_EXIT;
}
else //err occurred.
{
fprintf(stderr,"read faield[fd: %d], reason:%s [%d]\n",fd , strerror(errno), _s);
goto ERR_EXIT;
}
event_set(ev, fd, EV_READ, do_echo_request, (void*)stat);
ev->ev_base = base;
event_add(ev, NULL);
return ;
ERR_EXIT:
event_free(ev);
close(fd);
free(stat);
}
typedef struct sockaddr SA;
int tcp_server_init(int port, int listen_num)
{
int errno_save;
evutil_socket_t listener;// int listener;
listener = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if( listener == -1 )
return -1;
//允许多次绑定同一个地址。要用在socket和bind之间
//等同于 int opt = 1;
//setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));
evutil_make_listen_socket_reuseable(listener);
struct sockaddr_in sin;
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = 0;
sin.sin_port = htons(port);
if( bind(listener, (SA*)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0 )
goto error;
if( listen(listener, listen_num) < 0)
goto error;
//跨平台统一接口,将套接字设置为非阻塞状态
evutil_make_socket_nonblocking(listener);
return listener;
error:
errno_save = errno;
evutil_closesocket(listener);
errno = errno_save;
return -1;
}
服务升级,使用缓冲事件
//创建bufferevent
struct bufferevent* bev = bufferevent_socket_new(base, sockfd,BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE);
//当有数据可读或socket关闭时会调用回调函数
bufferevent_setcb(bev, server_msg_cb, NULL, event_cb, (void*)ev_cmd);
//使bufferevent 生效
bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST);
//读取数据
size_t len = bufferevent_read(bev, msg, sizeof(msg));
//写数据
bufferevent_write(bev, msg, size);
server2.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <event.h>
#include <event2/event.h>
#include <assert.h>
#define BUFLEN 1024
typedef struct _ConnectStat {
//struct event* ev;
struct bufferevent* bev;
char buf[BUFLEN];
}ConnectStat;
//echo 服务实现相关代码
ConnectStat * stat_init(int fd, struct bufferevent *bev);
void accept_connection(int fd, short events, void* arg);
void do_echo_request(struct bufferevent* bev, void* arg);
void event_cb(struct bufferevent *bev, short event, void *arg);
//void do_echo_response(int fd, short events, void *arg);
int tcp_server_init(int port, int listen_num);
struct event_base* base;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
int listener = tcp_server_init(9999, 10);
if( listener == -1 )
{
perror(" tcp_server_init error ");
return -1;
}
base = event_base_new();
//添加监听客户端请求连接事件
struct event* ev_listen = event_new(base, listener, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST,
accept_connection, base);
event_add(ev_listen, NULL);
event_base_dispatch(base);
return 0;
}
ConnectStat * stat_init(int fd, struct bufferevent *bev) {
ConnectStat * temp = NULL;
temp = (ConnectStat *)malloc(sizeof(ConnectStat));
if (!temp) {
fprintf(stderr, "malloc failed. reason: %m\n");
return NULL;
}
memset(temp, '\0', sizeof(ConnectStat));
temp->bev = bev;
}
void accept_connection(int fd, short events, void* arg)
{
evutil_socket_t sockfd;
struct sockaddr_in client;
socklen_t len = sizeof(client);
sockfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&client, &len );
evutil_make_socket_nonblocking(sockfd);
printf("accept a client %d\n", sockfd);
struct event_base* base = (struct event_base*)arg;
struct bufferevent* bev = bufferevent_socket_new(base, sockfd, BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE);
ConnectStat *stat = stat_init(sockfd, bev);
bufferevent_setcb(bev, do_echo_request, NULL, event_cb, stat);
bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST);
}
void do_echo_request(struct bufferevent* bev, void* arg)
{
ConnectStat *stat = (ConnectStat *)arg;
char *msg = stat->buf;
printf("do echo request ...\n");
size_t len = bufferevent_read(bev, msg, BUFLEN);
msg[len] = '\0';
printf("recv from client<<<< %s\n", msg);
bufferevent_write(bev, msg, strlen(msg));
}
void event_cb(struct bufferevent *bev, short event, void *arg)
{
ConnectStat *stat = (ConnectStat *)arg;
if (event & BEV_EVENT_EOF)
printf("connection closed\n");
else if (event & BEV_EVENT_ERROR)
printf("some other error\n");
//这将自动close套接字和free读写缓冲区
bufferevent_free(bev);
free(stat);
}
typedef struct sockaddr SA;
int tcp_server_init(int port, int listen_num)
{
int errno_save;
evutil_socket_t listener;// int listener;
listener = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if( listener == -1 )
return -1;
//允许多次绑定同一个地址。要用在socket和bind之间
//等同于 int opt = 1;
//setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));
evutil_make_listen_socket_reuseable(listener);
struct sockaddr_in sin;
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = 0;
sin.sin_port = htons(port);
if( bind(listener, (SA*)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0 )
goto error;
if( listen(listener, listen_num) < 0)
goto error;
//跨平台统一接口,将套接字设置为非阻塞状态
evutil_make_socket_nonblocking(listener);
return listener;
error:
errno_save = errno;
evutil_closesocket(listener);
errno = errno_save;
return -1;
}
进一步升级,使用evconnlistener_new_bin
struct evconnlistener listener
= evconnlistener_new_bind(base, listener_cb, base,
LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE|LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE,
10, (struct sockaddr)&sin,
sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
server3.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <event.h>
#include <event2/event.h>
#include<event2/listener.h>
#include <assert.h>
#define BUFLEN 1024
typedef struct _ConnectStat {
//struct event* ev;
struct bufferevent* bev;
char buf[BUFLEN];
}ConnectStat;
//echo 服务实现相关代码
ConnectStat * stat_init(int fd, struct bufferevent *bev);
void listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *listener, evutil_socket_t fd,
struct sockaddr *sock, int socklen, void *arg);
//accept_connection(int fd, short events, void* arg);
void do_echo_request(struct bufferevent* bev, void* arg);
void event_cb(struct bufferevent *bev, short event, void *arg);
//void do_echo_response(int fd, short events, void *arg);
int tcp_server_init(int port, int listen_num);
struct event_base* base;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
struct sockaddr_in sin;
memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_port = htons(9999);
base = event_base_new();
struct evconnlistener *listener
= evconnlistener_new_bind(base, listener_cb, base,
LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE|LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE,
10, (struct sockaddr*)&sin,
sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
event_base_dispatch(base);
evconnlistener_free(listener);
event_base_free(base);
return 0;
}
ConnectStat * stat_init(int fd, struct bufferevent *bev) {
ConnectStat * temp = NULL;
temp = (ConnectStat *)malloc(sizeof(ConnectStat));
if (!temp) {
fprintf(stderr, "malloc failed. reason: %m\n");
return NULL;
}
memset(temp, '\0', sizeof(ConnectStat));
temp->bev = bev;
}
/*
一个新客户端连接上服务器此函数就会被调用,当此函数被调用时,libevent已经帮我们accept了这个客户端。
该客户端的文件描述符为fd
*/
void listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *listener, evutil_socket_t fd,
struct sockaddr *sock, int socklen, void *arg)
{
printf("accept a client %d\n", fd);
struct event_base *base = (struct event_base*)arg;
//为这个客户端分配一个bufferevent
struct bufferevent *bev = bufferevent_socket_new(base, fd,
BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE);
ConnectStat *stat = stat_init(fd, bev);
bufferevent_setcb(bev, do_echo_request, NULL, event_cb, stat);
bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST);
}
void do_echo_request(struct bufferevent* bev, void* arg)
{
ConnectStat *stat = (ConnectStat *)arg;
char *msg = stat->buf;
printf("do echo request ...\n");
size_t len = bufferevent_read(bev, msg, BUFLEN);
msg[len] = '\0';
printf("recv from client<<<< %s\n", msg);
bufferevent_write(bev, msg, strlen(msg));
}
void event_cb(struct bufferevent *bev, short event, void *arg)
{
ConnectStat *stat = (ConnectStat *)arg;
if (event & BEV_EVENT_EOF)
printf("connection closed\n");
else if (event & BEV_EVENT_ERROR)
printf("some other error\n");
//这将自动close套接字和free读写缓冲区
bufferevent_free(bev);
free(stat);
}
注意: 如果执行代码报错:
./s2.exe: error while loading shared libraries: libevent-2.1.so.7: cannot open shared object file: No such file or director
1、问题描述
在使用libevent库编写服务端及客户端程序时,g++编译生成可执行文件后,运行该可执行文件出错。
2、产生原因及解决办法
产生原因:在运行时,程序无法找到libevent-2.1.so.7这个动态库,因为该动态库在默认安装时,存放的路径在/usr/local/lib下,不在系统的默认查找路径内。
解决办法:将该路径放在系统查找路径内。
第一步:
sudo echo “/usr/local/lib” >> /etc/ld.so.conf
若命令报错误
则可以使用vim或gedit打开/etc/ld.so.conf文件,在该文件末尾加上/usr/local/lib
第二步:
更新一下,使该配置生效
sudo ldconfig