spring-----MVC结合IOC控制反转结合的流程

IOC控制反转

• Spring反向控制应用程序所需要使用的外部资源
• Spring控制的资源全部放置在Spring容器中，该容器称为IoC容器
• 由spring进行对象的创建，而不是主动在代码通过new创建对象
• 主要通过spring的配置文件，交给spring框架进行管理

流程

1.maven引入spring框架

 <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

2.创建servlet层，建立servlet类

package com.spring.servlet;

import com.spring.service.UserService;
import com.spring.service.UserServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/user")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置字符编码
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        // ApplicationContext ,加载配置文件
        ApplicationContext appletContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
        //获取资源
        UserService service = (UserServiceImpl)appletContext.getBean("bean1");
        String s = service.find();
        resp.getWriter().print(s);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

3.创建service层，在里面编写UserService接口类及其实现类

package com.spring.service;

public interface UserService {
    String find();
}

package com.spring.service;

import com.spring.dao.UserDAO;
import com.spring.dao.UserDAOImpl;
import com.spring.dao.UserDAOImpl2;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
    @Override
    public String find() {
        // ApplicationContext ,加载配置文件
        ApplicationContext appletContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
        //获取资源
        UserDAO user = (UserDAOImpl2)appletContext.getBean("bean2");
        //根据spring代理生成的对象，调用其方法
        String one = user.one();
        return one;
    }
}

4.建立DAO层，编写DAO.class和其实现类

package com.spring.dao;

public interface UserDAO {
    String one();
}

package com.spring.dao;

public class UserDAOImpl implements UserDAO{
    @Override
    public String one() {
        return "李白";
    }
}

package com.spring.dao;

public class UserDAOImpl2 implements UserDAO{
    @Override
    public String one() {
        return "李清照";
    }
}

5.创建spring的配置文件，并通过ApplicationContext加载

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="bean1" class="com.spring.service.UserServiceImpl"></bean>
    <bean id="bean2" class="com.spring.dao.UserDAOImpl2"></bean>
</beans>

6.在servlet调用Service，service调用DAO实现类

• 结果
  

总结

• 要生成不同的对象，只需在spring.xml里面配置不同的<bean>，传入不同的类，根据其bean的id即可加载和生成不同的类对象
• 通过ApplicationContext ,加载配置文件，再通过其对象，获取spring.xml配置文件的bean，获得其对应的类对象，从而可以调用其方法

 // ApplicationContext ,加载配置文件
        ApplicationContext appletContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
         //获取资源
        UserService service = (UserServiceImpl)appletContext.getBean("bean1");

• 要对properties文件的支取，只需在spring.xml添启context命名空间支持

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

加载指定的properties文件
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:filename.properties">

4.使用加载的数据
<property name="propertyName" value="${propertiesName}"/>