容器、迭代器、生成器

# 容器
class A:

    def __init__(self):
        self.items = [1, 2]

    def __contains__(self, item):
        return item in self.items

a = A()
print(1 in a)  # True
print(2 in a)  # True
print(3 in a)  # False

# 迭代器
class B:
    """A 实现了迭代器协议 它的实例就是一个迭代器"""
    def __init__(self, n):
        self.idx = 0
        self.n = n

    def __iter__(self):
        print('__iter__')
        return self

    def __next__(self):
        if self.idx < self.n:
            val = self.idx
            self.idx += 1
            return val
        else:
            raise StopIteration()


# 迭代元素
a = B(3)
next(a)
for i in a:
    print(i)
# 再次迭代 没有元素输出 因为迭代器只能迭代一次
for i in a:
    print(i)
for i in B(3):
    print(i)


g = (i for i in range(5))
print(g)
print(iter(g))

for i in g:
    print(i)

# 生成器
def gen(n):
    for i in range(n):
        yield i

# 创建一个生成器
g = gen(5)
for i in g:
    print(i)