Java网络编程（用Java实现http请求）

前言

平时我们一般写好一个接口，如果想要去测试这个接口对不对，通过会采用工具，比如PostMan或者swagger，其实在Java中，本身就封装了关于Http请求的对象（HttpURLConnection类），我们可以通过这个类去调用我们写好的接口，在调用时，也可以在上层逻辑代码中设置不同的参数（虽然工具也可以做到），但是不妨碍我们去了解了解。

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一、请求一个不带参数的接口

public Object request(String requestUrl, String method) throws Exception {
        //创建Url类
        URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
        //创建HttpURLConnection类，由这个类发起Http请求
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        //设置请求参数
        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod(method);
        httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
        //发起请求建立链接
        InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
        //读取response的返回值
        ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len = 0;
        while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))>=0){
            bout.write(bytes,0,len);
        }
        inputStream.close();
        bout.close();
        String respone = new String(bout.toByteArray());
        return respone;
    }

二、请求一个带参数的接口，用GET方式，url传值

1.用outputStream流将参数写入

public Object requestByGetAndParams(String requestUrl, HashMap<String,Object> hashMap) throws Exception{
        URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
        httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
        OutputStream outputStream = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
        //拼接参数
        StringBuilder stringBuilderParam = new StringBuilder();
        for (String s : hashMap.keySet()){
            stringBuilderParam.append(s).append("=").append(hashMap.get(s)).append("&");
        }
        String param = stringBuilderParam.toString();
        param = param.substring(0,param.length()-1);
        //将参数写入输出流
        outputStream.write(param.getBytes());
        outputStream.flush();
        InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len = 0;
        while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))>=0){
            bout.write(bytes,0,len);
        }
        inputStream.close();
        bout.close();
        String respone = new String(bout.toByteArray());
        return respone;
    }

2、直接拼接在参数后面

 public Object requestByGetAndParams2(String requestUrl, HashMap<String,Object> hashMap) throws Exception{
        //拼接参数
        StringBuilder stringBuilderParam = new StringBuilder();
        for (String s : hashMap.keySet()){
            stringBuilderParam.append(s).append("=").append(hashMap.get(s)).append("&");
        }
        String param = stringBuilderParam.toString();
        param = param.substring(0,param.length()-1);
        //拼接到url
        requestUrl = requestUrl + "?" + param;
        URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
        httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
        InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len = 0;
        while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))>=0){
            bout.write(bytes,0,len);
        }
        inputStream.close();
        bout.close();
        String respone = new String(bout.toByteArray());
        return respone;
    }

三、post传值

有时候，后端请求接口带有@RequestBody参数，那么就需要请求体传值，传JSON字符串，传值方法和get差不多，但需要为

httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("content-type","application/json;charset=UTF-8");

设置类型为JSON格式

---

public Object requestByGetAndParams(String requestUrl, String param) throws Exception{
        URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        //设置请求方式，请求参数类型
        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("content-type","application/json;charset=UTF-8");
        httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
        OutputStream outputStream = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
        //将参数写入输出流,param必须是JSON格式
        outputStream.write(param.getBytes());
        outputStream.flush();
        InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len = 0;
        while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))>=0){
            bout.write(bytes,0,len);
        }
        inputStream.close();
        bout.close();
        String respone = new String(bout.toByteArray());
        return respone;
    }

​​​​​​日常使用

日常使用，我们写好接口，可以直接在controller层新建一个main就可以测试接口了，对于dto参数，可以直接将其转换成json字符串，调用方法，就能拿到接口返回的数据啦

 

有兴趣可以去git看一下，可以拉下来直接在上面进行测试

gti地址：​​​​​​​

https://gitee.com/deng-qingyu/http-demo.git

总结

简单的记录一下通过java代码去发起http请求，如果有需求，可以在这代码上面加上读取文件里的参数，循环拼接，多线程并发请求等等。