多线程lock的使用,ReentrantLock,Condition 实现等待/通知,公平锁与非公平锁

一、使用ReentrantLock 类

在Java多线程中,可以使用synchronized 关键字来实现线程之间的同步互斥,但在JDK1.5 中新增了 ReentrantLock 类也能达到同样的效果,并且在扩展功能上也更加强大,比如具有嗅探锁定、多路分支通知等功能,而且在使用上也比synchronized更加的灵活。

1.使用ReentrantLock 实现同步

同步的方法所在类:

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class MyService {
	private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	public void methodA(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("methodA begin ThreadName = "+ Thread.currentThread().getName()+" begin time "+System.currentTimeMillis());
			Thread.sleep(2000);
			System.out.println("methodA end ThreadName = "+ Thread.currentThread().getName()+" end time "+System.currentTimeMillis());
		} catch (Exception e) {
		}finally{
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	public void methodB(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("methodB begin ThreadName = "+ Thread.currentThread().getName()+" begin time "+System.currentTimeMillis());
			Thread.sleep(2000);
			System.out.println("methodB end ThreadName = "+ Thread.currentThread().getName()+" end time "+System.currentTimeMillis());
		} catch (Exception e) {
		}finally{
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
}

两个线程类ThreadA 与 ThreadB:


    public class ThreadA extends Thread{
	
	private MyService service;
	public ThreadA(MyService service){
		this.service = service;
	}
	@Override
	public void run() {
		service.methodA();
	}
}

public class ThreadB extends Thread{
	
	private MyService service;
	public ThreadB(MyService service){
		this.service = service;
	}
	@Override
	public void run() {
		service.methodB();
	}
}

测试入口:

public class Run {
	public static void main(String[] args){
		MyService service = new MyService();
		ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service);
		a.setName("A");
		a.start();
		ThreadB b = new ThreadB(service);
		b.setName("B");
		b.start();
	}
}

运行结果:
在这里插入图片描述
从运行结果上看,当前线程打印完,将锁进行释放,其他线程才可以继续打印。调用lock.lock()代码的线程就持有了“对象监视器”其他线程只有等待锁被释放时再次争抢。效果和使用synchronized关键字一样,县城建史顺序执行的。

2.使用Condition 实现等待/通知

关键字synchronized 与wait()和notify()/notifyAll()方法结合可以实现等待/通知模式。借助Condition对象,类ReentrantLock 也可以实现同样的功能。Condition 类是 JDK5 中出现的技术,使用它有更好的灵活性,比如可以实现多路通知功能,也就是在一个Lock 对象里面可以创建多个Condition实例,线程对象可以注册在指定的Condition 中,从而可以有选择性地进行线程通知,在调度线程上更加灵活。
代码如下:

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class MyService {
	private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	public Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
	public void await(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("进入await的时间为"+System.currentTimeMillis());
			condition.await();
		} catch (Exception e) {
		}finally{
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	public void  signal(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("进入signal的时间为"+System.currentTimeMillis());
			condition.signal();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
		}finally{
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
}
public class ThreadA extends Thread{
	private MyService service;
	ThreadA(MyService service){
		this.service = service;
	}
	@Override
	public void run() {
		service.await();
	}
}
public class Run {
	public static void main(String[] args){
		try {
			MyService service = new MyService();
			ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service);
			a.start();
			Thread.sleep(2000);
			service.signal();
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

运行结果:
在这里插入图片描述
注意:在调用condition.await()方法之前需要调用lock.lock() 代码获得同步监视器。不然会报监视器出错的异常 java.lang.illegalMonitorStateException。

3.使用Condition 实现通知 特定的线程

代码如下:

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class MyService {
	private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	public Condition conditionA = lock.newCondition();
	public Condition conditionB = lock.newCondition();
	public void awaitA(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("begin awaitA时间为  " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " ThreadName= " +Thread.currentThread().getName());
			conditionA.await();
			System.out.println("end awaitA时间为  " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " ThreadName= " +Thread.currentThread().getName());
		} catch (Exception e) {
		}finally{
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	public void awaitB(){
		try {
			lock.lock(); 
			System.out.println("begin awaitB时间为  " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " ThreadName= " +Thread.currentThread().getName());
			conditionB.await();
			System.out.println("end awaitB时间为  " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " ThreadName= " +Thread.currentThread().getName());
		} catch (Exception e) {
		}finally{
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	public void signalAll_A(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("signal_A时间为  " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " ThreadName= " +Thread.currentThread().getName());
			conditionA.signalAll();
		} catch (Exception e) {
		}finally{
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	public void signalAll_B(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("signal_B时间为  " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " ThreadName= " +Thread.currentThread().getName());
			conditionB.signalAll();
		} catch (Exception e) {
		}finally{
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
}
public class ThreadA extends Thread{
	private MyService service ;
	public ThreadA(MyService service){
		this.service = service;
	}
	@Override
	public void run() {
		service.awaitA();
	}
}
public class ThreadB extends Thread{
	private MyService service ;
	public ThreadB(MyService service){
		this.service = service;
	}
	@Override
	public void run() {
		service.awaitB();
	}
}
public class Run {
	public static void main(String[] args){
		try {
			MyService service = new MyService();
			ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service);
			a.setName("A");
			a.start();
			ThreadB b = new ThreadB(service);
			b.setName("B");
			b.start();
			Thread.sleep(3000);
			service.signalAll_A();
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

运行结果:
在这里插入图片描述
通过运行结果 只有 A 线程被唤醒了,因此可以得知 使用 ReentrantLock 对象可以唤醒指定种类的线程,这是控制部分线程行为的方便方式。

4.公平锁与非公平锁

公平锁与非公平锁:锁Lock分为“公平锁”和“非公平锁”,公平锁表示线程获取所得顺序是按照线程加锁的顺序来分配的,即先来先得的FIFO先进先出顺序。而非公平锁就是一种获取锁的抢占机制,是随机获得锁的,和公平锁不一样的就是先来的不一定先得到锁,这个方式可能造成某些线程一直拿不到锁,结果也就是不公平的了。

5.常用的一些方法

1)getHoldCount()
方法 int getHoleCount()方法的作用是 查询当前线程保持此锁定的个数,也就是调用lock()方法的次数。

public class GetHoldCount {
	private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	public void methodOne(){
		lock.lock();
		lock.lock();
		lock.lock();
		lock.lock();
		System.out.println("One 中 持锁数为"+lock.getHoldCount());
	}
}
public class GetHoldCountRun {
	public static void main(String[] args){
		GetHoldCount ghc = new GetHoldCount();
		ghc.methodOne();
	}
}

运行结果:
在这里插入图片描述
2)getQueueLength()
方法int getQueueLength()的作用是返回正等待获取此锁定的线程估计数,比如有5个线程,1个线程首先执行 await()方法,那么在调用getQueueLength()方法后返回值是4,说明4个线程同时等待lock的释放。

public class GetQueueLength {
	public ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	public void method(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("ThreadName= "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
			Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
		} catch (Exception e) {
		}finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
}
public class GetQueueLengthRun {
	public static void main(String[] args){
		final GetQueueLength gql = new GetQueueLength();
		Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
			@Override
			public void run() {
				gql.method();
			}
		};
		Thread[] threadArr = new Thread[10];
		for(int i = 0; i< 10; i++){
			threadArr[i] = new Thread(runnable);
		}
		for(int i = 0;i<10;i++){
			threadArr[i].start();
		}
		try {
			Thread.sleep(2000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("还有"+ gql.lock.getQueueLength());
	}
}

运行结果:
在这里插入图片描述
3)getWaitQueueLength(Condition condition)
方法 int getWaitQueueLength(Condition condition) 的作用是返回等待与此锁定相关的给定条件 Condition 的线程估计数,比如有5个线程,每个线程都执行了同一个condition对象的await()方法,则调用getWaitQueueLength(Condition condition)方法时返回的int 值是5。

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class GetWaitQueueLength {
	private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
	public void waitMethod(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			condition.await();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
		}finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	public void notityMethod(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("有"+lock.getWaitQueueLength(condition));
			condition.signalAll();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
		}finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
}
public class GetWaitQueueLengthRun {
	public static void main(String[] args){
		final GetWaitQueueLength gwql = new GetWaitQueueLength();
		Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
			@Override
			public void run(){
				gwql.waitMethod();
			}
		};
		Thread[] threadArr = new Thread[10];
		for(int i = 0;i<10;i++){
			threadArr[i] = new Thread(runnable);
		}
		for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
			threadArr[i].start();
		}
		try {
			Thread.sleep(2000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		gwql.notityMethod();
	}
}

运行结果:
在这里插入图片描述
4)hasQueuedThread(Thread thread)与hasQueuedThreads()
hasQueuedThread(Thread thread)的作用是查询指定的线程是否正在等待获取此锁定。
hasQueuedThreads()的作用 是查询是否有线程正在等待获取此锁定。

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class HasQueuedThread {
	public ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	public Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
	public void waitMethod(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
		}finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
}
public class HasQueuedThreadRun {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
		final HasQueuedThread hqt = new HasQueuedThread();
		Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
			@Override
			public void run(){
				hqt.waitMethod();
			}
		};
		Thread a = new Thread(runnable);
		a.start();
		Thread.sleep(500);
		Thread b = new Thread(runnable);
		b.start();
		Thread.sleep(500);
		System.out.println(hqt.lock.hasQueuedThread(a));
		System.out.println(hqt.lock.hasQueuedThread(b));
		System.out.println(hqt.lock.hasQueuedThreads());
	}
}

5) hasWaiters(Condition condition)
方法 boolean hasWaiters(Condition condition)的作用是 查询是否有线程正在等待与此锁定有关的condition条件。

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class HasWaiters {
	private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
	public void waitMethod(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			condition.await();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
		}finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	public void notityMethod(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("有没有线程正在等待 condition? "+lock.hasWaiters(condition)+"线程数是多少? "+lock.getWaitQueueLength(condition));
			condition.signalAll();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
		}finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
}
public class HasWaiterRun {
	public static void main(String[] args){
		final HasWaiters hw = new HasWaiters();
		Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
			@Override
			public void run(){
				hw.waitMethod();
			}
		};
		Thread[] threadArr = new Thread[10];
		for(int i = 0;i<10;i++){
			threadArr[i] = new Thread(runnable);
		}
		for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
			threadArr[i].start();
		}
		try {
			Thread.sleep(2000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		hw.notityMethod();
	}
}

运行结果:
在这里插入图片描述

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