普通io口模拟串口通信

        之前公司在做项目的时候需要用到多串口，板载串口资源不足，就在网上找相关内容，结合自己的理解做出虚拟串口。

模拟串口需要用到两个普通io引脚，一个定时器。

/**
*软件串口的实现(IO模拟串口)
* 波特率：4800   1-8-N
* TXD : PB13
* RXD : PB14
* 使用外部中断对RXD的下降沿进行触发，使用定时器4按照设定波特率进行定时数据接收。
*/

第一步，定时器初始化

void TIM4_Init(u16 arr)
{
	TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef  TIM_TimeBaseStructure;
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;

	RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM4, ENABLE); //时钟使能

	//定时器TIM4初始化
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = arr; //设置在下一个更新事件装入活动的自动重装载寄存器周期的值
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 95; //设置用来作为TIMx时钟频率除数的预分频值
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1; //设置时钟分割:TDTS = Tck_tim
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;  //TIM向上计数模式
	TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM4, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure); //根据指定的参数初始化TIMx的时间基数单位
	TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM4, TIM_FLAG_Update);
	TIM_ITConfig(TIM4,TIM_IT_Update,ENABLE ); //使能指定的TIM4中断,允许更新中断
	TIM_Cmd(TIM4,DISABLE); //关闭定时器TIM4
	//中断优先级NVIC设置
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM4_IRQn;  //TIM4中断
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority =0;  //先占优先级1级
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority =1;  //从优先级1级
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE; //IRQ通道被使能
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);  //初始化NVIC寄存器
}

第二步，io口初始化

void USART_IO_Init(u16 baudRate)
{
	u32 period;
	if(baudRate == _4800BuadRate)
			period = _4800BuadRate;
	else if(baudRate == _9600BuadRate)
			period = _9600BuadRate;
	else if(baudRate==_19200BuadRate)
			period = _19200BuadRate;
	else if(baudRate == _38400BuadRate)
			period = _38400BuadRate;
	TIM4_Int_Init(period);
	delayTime = baudRate;
	GPIO_InitTypeDef  GPIO_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStruct;
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);	 //使能PB端口时钟
	//SoftWare Serial TXD
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_13;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; 		 //推挽输出
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;		 //IO口速度为50MHz
	GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_13);
	//SoftWare Serial RXD
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_14;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);

	GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB, GPIO_PinSource14);
	EXTI_InitStruct.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line14;
	EXTI_InitStruct.EXTI_Mode=EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;
	EXTI_InitStruct.EXTI_Trigger=EXTI_Trigger_Falling; //下降沿触发中断
	EXTI_InitStruct.EXTI_LineCmd=ENABLE;
	EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStruct);
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel= EXTI15_10_IRQn ;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=0;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority =1;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd=ENABLE;
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);

}

第三步，接受中断处理

void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler(void)
{
	if(EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line14) != RESET)
	{
		if(!OI_RXD)
		{
			if(recvStat == COM_STOP_BIT)
			{
				recvStat = COM_START_BIT;
				TIM_Cmd(TIM4, ENABLE);
			}
		}
		EXTI_ClearFlag(EXTI_Line14);
	}
}

第四步，定时器中断处理

void TIM4_IRQHandler(void)
{
	if(TIM_GetFlagStatus(TIM4, TIM_FLAG_Update) != RESET)
	{
		TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM4, TIM_FLAG_Update);
		recvStat++;
		if(recvStat == COM_STOP_BIT)
		{
			USART_IO_rxflag=1;
			TIM_Cmd(TIM4, DISABLE);
			USART_IO_RXbuf[USART_IO_len_count++]= recvData;
			return;
		}
		if(OI_RXD)
		{
			recvData |= (1 << (recvStat - 1));
		} else
		{
			recvData &= ~(1 << (recvStat - 1));
		}
	}
}

串口发送函数（偶校验）

void USART_IO_byte(u8 Data)
{
	u8 i = 0;
	u8 num = 0;
	OI_TXD = 0;
	delay_us(delayTime);
	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
	{
	if(Data&0x01){
		OI_TXD = 1;
		num++;
	}else{
		OI_TXD = 0;
	}
	delay_us(delayTime);
	Data = Data>>1;
	}
	if(num%2==0)
		{
		OI_TXD = 0;
	}else
	{
		OI_TXD = 1;
	}
	delay_us(delayTime);
	OI_TXD = 1;
	delay_us(delayTime);
}

相关变量定义

uint8_t USART_IO_len_count = 0;		/*接收缓冲区数据长度计数*/
uint8_t USART_IO_rxflag = 0;						/*0:standy 1:receive ok*/
uint8_t USART_IO_RXbuf[USART_IO_RX_SIZE]= {0}; //接收缓冲区
uint8_t recvStat = COM_STOP_BIT;
uint8_t recvData = 0;
uint32_t delayTime;

以下为.h文件定义

//对应波特率的1个电平持续时间
//(1/9600) = 104us
/*用在IO模拟出uart定时器4的重装载值*/
#define _4800BuadRate 208
#define _9600BuadRate 104
#define _19200BuadRate 52
#define _38400BuadRate 25

#define OI_TXD	PBout(13)
#define OI_RXD	PBin(14)



#define USART_IO_RX_SIZE 100				/*接收缓冲区大小为200字节*/
extern u8 USART_IO_RXbuf[USART_IO_RX_SIZE];//接收缓冲区
extern u8 USART_IO_len_count;		/*接收缓冲区数据长度计数*/
extern u8 recvData;
enum {
    COM_START_BIT,
    COM_D0_BIT,
    COM_D1_BIT,
    COM_D2_BIT,
    COM_D3_BIT,
    COM_D4_BIT,
    COM_D5_BIT,
    COM_D6_BIT,
    COM_D7_BIT,
    COM_STOP_BIT,
};

以上内容就可以完成一个虚拟串口的发送与接收了