day38
今日内容
- HTTP协议:响应消息
- Response对象
- ServletContext对象
HTTP:响应消息
- 请求消息:客户端发送给服务器端的数据
- 数据格式:
- 请求行
- 请求头
- 请求空行
- 请求体
- 数据格式:
- 响应消息:服务器端发送给客户端的数据
* 数据格式:
1. 响应行
1. 组成:协议/版本 响应状态码 状态码描述
2. 响应状态码:服务器告诉客户端浏览器本次请求和响应的一个状态
1. 状态码都是3位数字
* 分类:
1. 1xx:服务器接收客户端消息,但是没有接受完成,等待一段时间后,发送1xx多状态码
2. 2xx:请求和响应是成功的。代表:200
3. 3xx:重定向。代表:302(重定向),304(访问缓存)
4. 4xx:请求错误。
代表:
404(请求路径没有对应的资源)
405(请求方式没有对应的doXxx方法)
5. 5xx:服务端错误。代表:500(服务器内部出现异常)
2. 响应头
1. 格式:头名称:值
2. 常见的响应头:
1. Content-Type:服务器告诉客户端本次响应体数据格式以及编码格式
2. Content-disposition:服务器告诉客户端以什么格式打开响应体数据
* 值:
* in-line:默认值,当前页面内打开
* attachment;filename=xxx:以附件形式打开响应体。文件下载
3. 响应空行
4. 响应体:传输的数据
* 响应字符串格式
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 101
Date: Wed, 06 Jun 2018 07:08:42 GMT
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
hello , response
</body>
</html>
Response对象
* 功能:设置响应消息
1. 设置响应行
1. 格式:HTTP/1.1 200 ok
2. 设置状态码:void setStatus(int sc)
2. 设置响应头:void setHeader(String name, String value)
3. 设置响应体:
* 使用步骤:
1. 获取输出流
* 字符输出流:PrintWriter getWriter()
* 字节输出流:ServletOutputStream getOutputStream()
2. 使用输出流,将数据输出到客户端浏览器
案例
- 案例:完成重定向
- 重定向:资源跳转的方式
- redirect重定向的特点:
- 地址栏路径发生变化
- 重定向可访问其他站点(服务器)的资源
- 重定向是两次请求,不可以使用request对象来共享数据
- forward转发的特点:
- 地址栏路径不变
- 转发只能访问当前服务器下的资源
- 转发是一次请求,可以使用request对象来共享数据
- 路径写法:
- 路径分类:
-
相对路径:通过相对路径不可以确定唯一资源
如:./index.html
不以/开头,以.开头路径规则:找到当前资源和目标资源之间的相对位置关系
- ./:当前级目录
- …/:上级目录
-
绝对路径;通富哦绝对路径可以确定唯一资源
如:http://localhost/day03/responseDemo02 /day03/responseDemo02
以/开头的路径- 规则:判断定义的路径是给谁用的?
- 给客户端浏览器使用:需要加虚拟目录(项目的访问路径)
- 建议虚拟目录动态获取:request.getContextPath()
- 如:<a>,<form>,重定向
- 给服务器使用:不需要加虚拟目录
- 如:转发路径
- 给客户端浏览器使用:需要加虚拟目录(项目的访问路径)
- 规则:判断定义的路径是给谁用的?
-
- 路径分类:
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/*
重定向
*/
@WebServlet("/responseDemo01")
public class ResponseDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo01");
//访问/responseDemo01,会自动跳转到/responseDemo02资源
/*
//1.设置状态码为302
response.setStatus(302);
//2.设置响应头location
response.setHeader("location","/day03/responseDemo02");
*/
//简单的重定向方法 void sendRedirect(String location)
response.sendRedirect("/day03/responseDemo02");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
- 案例:服务器输出字符数据到浏览器
/*
* 步骤:
1. 获取字符输出流
2. 输出数据
* 注意:
* 乱码问题:
1. PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();获取的流默认编码是ISO-8859-1
2. 设置该流的默认编码
3. 告诉浏览器响应体使用的编码
//简单的形式,设置编码,是在获取流之前设置
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
*/
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
@WebServlet("/responseDemo04")
public class ResponseDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取流对象之前,设置流的默认编码,ISO-8895-1 设置为,GBK
//response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//告诉浏览器,服务器发送的消息体数据的编码,建议浏览器使用该编码解码
//response.setHeader("content-type", "text/html;charset=utf-8");
//简单的形式,设置编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//1.获取字符输出流,流的默认编码,ISO-8895-1
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
//2.输出数据
//pw.write("<h1>hello response</h1>");
pw.write("你好你好你好,hello");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
- 案例:服务器输出字节数据到浏览器
/*
步骤:
1. 获取字节输出流
2. 输出数据
*/
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
@WebServlet("/responseDemo05")
public class ResponseDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置编码格式
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//1.获取字节输出流
ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
//2.输出数据
sos.write("你好".getBytes("utf-8"));
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
- 案例:验证码
- 本质:图片
- 目的:防止恶意表单注册
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
/*
生成验证码
*/
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
int width = 100;
int height = 50;
//1.创建一个对象,在内存中代表图片(验证码图片对象)
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);
//2.美化图片
//2.1填充背景色
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//画笔对象
g.setColor(Color.pink);//设置画笔颜色
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);//填充颜色
//2.2画边框
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1);
String str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
Random r = new Random();
for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
//生成随机脚标
int index = r.nextInt(str.length());
//获取字符
char ch = str.charAt(index);//随机字符
//2.3写验证码
g.drawString(ch + "", width / 5 * i, height / 2);
}
//2.4画干扰线
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
//随机生成坐标点
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int x1 = r.nextInt(width);
int x2 = r.nextInt(width);
int x3 = r.nextInt(height);
int x4 = r.nextInt(height);
g.drawLine(x1, x2, x3, x4);
}
//3.将图片输出到页面展示
ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", response.getOutputStream());
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>register页面</title>
<script>
/*
分析:
点击超链接或者图片,需要换一张
1.给超链接和图片绑定单击事件
2.重新设置图片的src属性值
*/
window.onload = function () {
var img = document.getElementById("checkCode");
var change = document.getElementById("change");
function fun() {
//加时间戳,为防止图片缓冲
var date = new Date().getTime();
img.src = "/day03/checkCodeServlet?" + date;
}
change.onclick = fun;
img.onclick = fun;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<img id="checkCode" src="/day03/checkCodeServlet"/>
<a href="javascript:void(0)" id="change">看不清换一张?</a>
</body>
</html>
SevletContext对象
- 概念:代表整个web应用,可以和程序的容器(服务器)来通信
- 获取:
- 通过request对象获取
request.getServletContext(); - 通过HttpServlet获取
this.getServletContext();
- 通过request对象获取
package cn.itcast.web.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo01")
public class ServletContextDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1. 通过request对象获取
ServletContext servletContext1 = request.getServletContext();
//2. 通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext servletContext2 = this.getServletContext();
System.out.println("servletContext1" + servletContext1);
System.out.println("servletContext2" + servletContext2);
System.out.println(servletContext1 == servletContext2);//true
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
- 功能:
1. 获取MIME类型:
* MIME类型:在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
* 格式:大类型/小类型 如:text/html 、image/jpeg
* 获取:String getMimeType(String file) 根据文件的后缀名来获取MIME类型
package cn.itcast.web.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo02")
public class ServletContextDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1. 通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext servletContext1 = this.getServletContext();
//2. 定义文件名称
String filename = "a.jpg";
//3.获取MIME类型
String mimeType = servletContext1.getMimeType(filename);
System.out.println(mimeType);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
2. 域对象:共享数据
1. void setAttribute(String name, Object o):存储数据
2. Object getAttribute(String name):通过键名获取值
3. void removeAttribute(String name):通过键名移出键值对
* SerVletContext对象范围:所有用户请求的数据
package cn.itcast.web.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo03")
public class ServletContextDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
域对象:共享数据
*/
//1. 通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext servletContext1 = this.getServletContext();
//设置数据
servletContext1.setAttribute("msg", "haha");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
package cn.itcast.web.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo04")
public class ServletContextDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
域对象:共享数据
*/
//1. 通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext servletContext1 = this.getServletContext();
Object msg = servletContext1.getAttribute("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
3. 获取文件的真实(服务器)路径
1. 方法:String getRealPath(String path)
package cn.itcast.web.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo05")
public class ServletContextDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext servletContext1 = this.getServletContext();
//获取文件的服务器路径
String realPath = servletContext1.getRealPath("/b.txt");//访问web目录下资源访问 web目录:E:\Java\JavaWorkSpace\JavaEE_code\out\artifacts\day03_response_war_exploded2
//File file = new File(realPath);
System.out.println(realPath);//E:\Java\JavaWorkSpace\JavaEE_code\out\artifacts\day03_response_war_exploded2\b.text
String realPath1 = servletContext1.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");//访问WEB-INF目录下资源访问
System.out.println(realPath1);//E:\Java\JavaWorkSpace\JavaEE_code\out\artifacts\day03_response_war_exploded2\WEB-INF\c.txt
String realPath2 = servletContext1.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/class/a.txt");//访问src目录下的资源访问
System.out.println(realPath2);//E:\Java\JavaWorkSpace\JavaEE_code\out\artifacts\day03_response_war_exploded2\WEB-INF\class\a.txt
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
案例–文件下载需求:
* 文件下载需求:
1. 页面显示超链接
2. 点击超链接后弹出下载提示框
3. 完成图片文件下载
* 分析:
1. 超链接指向的资源如果能够被浏览器解析,则在浏览器中展示,如果不能解析,则弹出下载提示框。不满足需求
2. 任何资源都必须弹出下载提示框
3. 使用响应头设置资源的打开方式:
* content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx
* 步骤:
1. 定义页面,编辑超链接href属性,指向Servlet,传递资源名称filename
2. 定义Servlet
1. 获取文件名称
2. 使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
3. 指定response的响应头: content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx
4. 将数据写出到response输出流
* 问题:
* 中文文件问题
* 解决思路:
1. 获取客户端使用的浏览器版本信息
2. 根据不同的版本信息,设置filename的编码方式不同
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/day03/img/1.jpg">图片1</a>
<a href="/day03/img/1.avi">视频</a>
<hr>
<a href="/day03/downloadServlet?filename=1.jpg">图片1</a>
<a href="/day03/downloadServlet?filename=1.avi">视频</a>
<hr>
<a href="/day03/downloadServlet?filename=九尾.jpg">图片1</a>
</body>
</html>
package cn.itcast.web.utils;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.Base64;
public class DownLoadUtils {
public static String getFileName(String agent, String filename) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
if (agent.contains("MSIE")) {
// IE浏览器
filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
filename = filename.replace("+", " ");
} else if (agent.contains("Firefox")) {
// 火狐浏览器
Base64.Encoder encoder = Base64.getEncoder();
filename = "=?utf-8?B?" + encoder.encodeToString(filename.getBytes("utf-8")) + "?=";
} else {
// 其它浏览器
filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
}
return filename;
}
}
package cn.itcast.web.download;
import cn.itcast.web.utils.DownLoadUtils;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取请求参数,文件名称
String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
//2.使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
//2.1找到文件服务器路径
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);
//2.2用字节流关联
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//3.设置response的响应头
//3.1设置响应头类型,content-type
String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);
response.setHeader("content-type", mimeType);
//3.2设置响应头打开方式:content-disposition
//解决中文文件名问题
//1.获取user-agent请求头
String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
//2.使用工具类方法编码文件名即可
filename = DownLoadUtils.getFileName(agent,filename);
response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename=" + filename);
//4.将输入流的数据写出到输出流中
ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
byte[] buff = new byte[1024 * 8];
int len = 0;
while ((len = fis.read(buff)) != -1) {
outputStream.write(buff, 0, len);
}
fis.close();
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}