今日内容
1. HTTP协议:响应消息
2. Response对象
3. ServletContext对象
HTTP协议:
1. 请求消息:客户端发送给服务器端的数据
* 数据格式:
1. 请求行
2. 请求头
3. 请求空行
4. 请求 体
2. 响应消息:服务器端发送给客户端的数据
* 数据格式:
1. 响应行
1. 组成:协议/版本 响应状态码 状态码描述
2. 响应状态码:服务器告诉客户端浏览器本次请求和响应的一个状态。
1. 状态码都是3位数字
2. 分类:
1. 1xx:服务器就收客户端消息,但没有接受完成,等待一段时间后,发送1xx多状态码
2. 2xx:成功。代表:200
3. 3xx:重定向。代表:302(重定向),304(访问缓存)
4. 4xx:客户端错误。
* 代表:
* 404(请求路径没有对应的资源)
* 405:请求方式没有对应的doXxx方法
5. 5xx:服务器端错误。代表:500(服务器内部出现异常)
2. 响应头:
1. 格式:头名称: 值
2. 常见的响应头:
1. Content-Type:服务器告诉客户端本次响应体数据格式以及编码格式
2. Content-disposition:服务器告诉客户端以什么格式打开响应体数据
* 值:
* in-line:默认值,在当前页面内打开
* attachment;filename=xxx:以附件形式打开响应体。文件下载
3. 响应空行
4. 响应体:传输的数据
* 响应字符串格式
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 101
Date: Wed, 06 Jun 2018 07:08:42 GMT
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
hello , response
</body>
</html>
Response对象
* 功能:设置响应消息
1. 设置响应行
1. 格式:HTTP/1.1 200 ok
2. 设置状态码:setStatus(int sc)
2. 设置响应头:setHeader(String name, String value)
3. 设置响应体:
* 使用步骤:
1. 获取输出流
* 字符输出流:PrintWriter getWriter()
* 字节输出流:ServletOutputStream getOutputStream()
2. 使用输出流,将数据输出到客户端浏览器
* 案例:
1. 完成重定向
* 重定向:资源跳转的方式
* 代码实现:
//1. 设置状态码为302
response.setStatus(302);
//2.设置响应头location
response.setHeader("location","/day15/responseDemo2");
//简单的重定向方法
response.sendRedirect("/day15/responseDemo2");
ResponseDemo1.java文件
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
-
重定向
*/
@WebServlet("/responseDemo1")
public class ResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(“demo1被访问了”);
//访问/requestDemo1会自动跳转到/requestDemo2资源/**方法1: //1.设置状态码为302 response.setStatus(302); //2.设置响应头location response.setHeader("location","/day15/responseDemo2");**/ //简话后的重定向方法 response.sendRedirect("/day15/responseDemo2"); //重定向到网站 //response.sendRedirect("http://www.walmw.club");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
ResponseDemo2.java文件
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/responseDemo2")
public class ResponseDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(“demo2222被访问了”);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
效果:打开ResponseDemo1.java文件后,自动跳转到ResponseDemo2.java文件
* 重定向的特点:redirect
1. 地址栏发生变化
2. 重定向可以访问其他站点(服务器)的资源
3. 重定向是两次请求。不能使用request对象来共享数据
* 转发的特点:forward
1. 转发地址栏路径不变
2. 转发只能访问当前服务器下的资源
3. 转发是一次请求,可以使用request对象来共享数据
* forward 和 redirect 区别
* 路径写法:
1. 路径分类
1. 相对路径:通过相对路径不可以确定唯一资源
* 如:./index.html
* 不以/开头,以.开头路径
* 规则:找到当前资源和目标资源之间的相对位置关系
* ./:当前目录
* ../:后退一级目录
2. 绝对路径:通过绝对路径可以确定唯一资源
* 如:http://localhost/day15/responseDemo2 /day15/responseDemo2
* 以/开头的路径
* 规则:判断定义的路径是给谁用的?判断请求将来从哪儿发出
* 给客户端浏览器使用:需要加虚拟目录(项目的访问路径)
* 建议虚拟目录动态获取:request.getContextPath()
例如: //目录动态获取
String contextPath=request.getContextPath();
response.sendRedirect(contextPath+"/responseDemo2");
* , 重定向…
给客户端浏览器使用的路径
Response * 给服务器使用:不需要加虚拟目录 * 转发路径从responseDemo3----->responseDemo2
文件1
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
-
重定向
*/
@WebServlet("/responseDemo3")
public class ResponseDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//转发
request.getRequestDispatcher("/responseDemo2").forward(request,response);
}protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
文件2
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/responseDemo2")
public class ResponseDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(“demo2222被访问了”);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
运行结果:
2. 服务器输出字符数据到浏览器
* 步骤:
1. 获取字符输出流
2. 输出数据
* 注意:
* 乱码问题:
1. PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();获取的流的默认编码是ISO-8859-1
2. 设置该流的默认编码
3. 告诉浏览器响应体使用的编码
//简单的形式,设置编码,是在获取流之前设置
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/**
- 解决浏览器乱码
*/
@WebServlet("/responseDemo4")
public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
/** //0.获取流之前,设置流的编码
response.setCharacterEncoding(“utf-8”);
//0.2告诉浏览器,服务器发送的消息体格式,建议浏览器使用编码解码
response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
**/
//简单设置编码形式
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//1.获取字符输出流
PrintWriter pw=response.getWriter();
//2.输出数据
//pw.write("<h1>hello response</h1>");
pw.write("<h1>你好 java web</h1>");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
运行结果:
- 服务器输出字节数据到浏览器
* 步骤:
1. 获取字节输出流
2. 输出数据
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/responseDemo5")
public class ResponseDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置字符编码
response.setContentType(“text/html;charset=utf-8”);
//1.获取字节数出流
ServletOutputStream sos=response.getOutputStream();
//输出数据
sos.write(“hello 你好”.getBytes(“utf-8”));
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
运行结果:
4. 验证码
1. 本质:图片
2. 目的:防止恶意表单注册
CheckCodeServlet.java文件
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
int width=100;//创建图片的宽度
int height=50;//创建图片的高度
//1.创建一个对象,在内存中图片(验证码图像对象)
BufferedImage image=new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);//图片宽度,高度和颜色模式
//2.美化图片
//2.1填充背景色
Graphics g=image.getGraphics();//创建画笔对象
g.setColor(Color.PINK);//设置画笔颜色为粉红色
g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);//填充颜色
//2.2化边框
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);//设置画笔颜色为蓝色
g.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);//设置边框
//2.3写验证码
String str="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";//定义所有的验证码情况
//生成随机角标
Random ran=new Random();
for(int i=1;i<=4;i++){//循环输出字符
int index=ran.nextInt(str.length());//获取长度
//获取字符
char ch=str.charAt(index);//随机字符
//验证码写出
g.drawString(ch+"",width/5*i,height/2);
}
//2.4画干扰线
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);//创建绿色的画笔
//随机生成坐标点
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
int x1=ran.nextInt(width);
int x2=ran.nextInt(width);
int y1=ran.nextInt(height);
int y2=ran.nextInt(height);
g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);//划线
}
//3.将图片输出到页面展示
ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
registerr.html文件
<script>
/**
* 分析:
* 点解超链接或图片,换一张图片
* 1.给超链接和图片绑定单击事件
* 2.重新设置图片的src属性值
*/
window.onload=function(){
//1.获取图片对象
var img=document.getElementById("checkCode");
//2.绑定单击事件
img.onclick=function(){
//加时间戳
var date=new Date().getTime();
img.src="/day15/checkCodeServlet?"+date;
}
//1.获取文字对象
var cha=document.getElementById("change");
//2.绑定单击事件
cha.onclick=function(){
//加时间戳
var date2=new Date().getTime();
img.src="/day15/checkCodeServlet?"+date2;
}
}
</script>
看不清换一张?
运行结果:
当点击验证码或者换一张图片时,验证码切换
ServletContext对象:
1. 概念:代表整个web应用,可以和程序的容器(服务器)来通信
2. 获取:
1. 通过request对象获取
request.getServletContext();
2. 通过HttpServlet获取
this.getServletContext();
package cn.itcast.web.servletcontext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo1")
public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
/**
ServletContext对象获取
1. 通过request对象获取
request.getServletContext();
2. 通过HttpServlet获取
this.getServletContext();
*/
//1.通过request对象获取
ServletContext context1=request.getServletContext();
//2.通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext context2=this.getServletContext();
System.out.println(context1);
System.out.println(context2);
System.out.println(context1==context2);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
3. 功能:
1. 获取MIME类型:
* MIME类型:在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
* 格式: 大类型/小类型 text/html 纯文本/html形式 image/jpeg 图片类型/jpeg格式
* 获取:String getMimeType(String file)
package cn.itcast.web.servletcontext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo2")
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
/**
ServletContext功能
1. 获取MIME类型:
* MIME类型:在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
* 格式: 大类型/小类型 text/html 纯文本/html形式 image/jpeg 图片类型/jpeg格式
* 获取:String getMimeType(String file)
*/
//2.通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();
//3.定义文件名称
String filename="a.jpg";
//4.获取MIME类型
String mimeType=context.getMimeType(filename);
System.out.println(mimeType);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
运行结果:
2. 域对象:共享数据
1. setAttribute(String name,Object value)
2. getAttribute(String name)
3. removeAttribute(String name)
* ServletContext对象范围:所有用户所有请求的数据
ServletContextDemo3.java文件
package cn.itcast.web.servletcontext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo3")
public class ServletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
2. 域对象:共享数据
1. setAttribute(String name,Object value)
2. getAttribute(String name)
3. removeAttribute(String name)
*/
//2.通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
//设置数据
context.setAttribute(“msg”, “haha”);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
ServletContextDemo4.java文件
package cn.itcast.web.servletcontext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo4")
public class ServletContextDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//2.通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();
//获取数据
Object msg=context.getAttribute(“msg”);
System.out.println(msg);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
运行结果:
在浏览器一中打开ServletContextDemo3
在浏览器二中打开ServletContextDemo4
控制台显示
-
获取文件的真实(服务器)路径
1. 方法:String getRealPath(String path)
String b = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");//web目录下资源访问
System.out.println(b);String c = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");//WEB-INF目录下的资源访问 System.out.println(c); String a = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");//src目录下的资源访问 System.out.println(a);
package cn.itcast.web.servletcontext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo5")
public class ServletContextDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//2.通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();
//获取文件的服务器路径
String realPath=context.getRealPath("/b.txt");//获取web目录下的b.txt文件路径
System.out.println(realPath);
String realPath1=context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");//获取WEB-INF目录下的b.txt文件路径
System.out.println(realPath1);
String realPath2=context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");//获取WEB-INF目录下的b.txt文件路径
System.out.println(realPath2);
File file=new File(realPath);//创建文件对象
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
案例:
* 文件下载需求:
1. 页面显示超链接
2. 点击超链接后弹出下载提示框
3. 完成图片文件下载
* 分析:
1. 超链接指向的资源如果能够被浏览器解析,则在浏览器中展示,如果不能解析,则弹出下载提示框。不满足需求
2. 任何资源都必须弹出下载提示框
3. 使用响应头设置资源的打开方式:
* content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx
* 步骤:
1. 定义页面,编辑超链接href属性,指向Servlet,传递资源名称filename
2. 定义Servlet
1. 获取文件名称
2. 使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
3. 指定response的响应头: content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx
4. 将数据写出到response输出流
download.html文件
<a href="/day15/downloadServlet?filename=1.jpg">图片1</a>
<a href="/day15/downloadServlet?filename=1.avi">视频</a>
<a href="/day15/downloadServlet?filename=九尾.jpg">图片1</a>
DownloadServlet.java文件
package cn.itcast.web.download;
import cn.itcast.web.utils.DownLoadUtils;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取请求参数,文件名称
String filename=request.getParameter(“filename”);
//2使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
//2.1找到文件服务器路径
ServletContext servletContext=this.getServletContext();
String realPath=servletContext.getRealPath("/img/"+filename);
//2.2用字节流关联
FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(realPath);
//3.设置response的响应头
//3.1设置响应头类型:content-type
String mimeType=servletContext.getMimeType(filename);//获取文件的mime类型
response.setHeader("content-type",mimeType);
//3.2设置响应头的打开方式:content-disposition
//解决中文乱码问题
//1.获取user-agent请求头
String agent=request.getHeader("user-agent");
//使用工具类方法编写文件名即可
filename= DownLoadUtils.getFileName(agent,filename);
response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);
//4.将输入流的数据写入到输出流
ServletOutputStream sos=response.getOutputStream();
byte[] buff=new byte[1024 * 8];
int len=0;
while((len=fis.read(buff))!=-1){
sos.write(buff,0,len);
}
fis.close();
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
DownLoadUtils.java工具文件,百度就有
package cn.itcast.web.utils;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Base64.Encoder;
import java.util.Base64.Decoder;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
public class DownLoadUtils {
public static String getFileName(String agent, String filename) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
if (agent.contains("MSIE")) {
// IE浏览器
filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
filename = filename.replace("+", " ");
} else if (agent.contains("Firefox")){
filename = new String(filename.getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO8859-1"); // firefox浏览器
} else{
// 其它浏览器
filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
}
return filename;
}
}
运行结果:
谷歌浏览器
火狐浏览器
ME浏览器
* 问题:
* 中文文件问题
* 解决思路:
1. 获取客户端使用的浏览器版本信息
2. 根据不同的版本信息,设置filename的编码方式不同