异常 学习笔记

异常机制(Excception)

##　什么是异常？

异常

例如:

package exception;

public class Demo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(11/0);
    }
}

/*
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
	at exception.Demo01.main(Demo01.java:5)
*/

简单分类

异常体系结构

Error

###　Exception

异常处理机制

抛出异常

package exception;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            new Test().test(4,0);
        } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //假设这个方法中,处理不了这个异常 ,方法上抛出异常
    public void test(int a , int b) throws ArithmeticException{
        if(b==0){
            throw new ArithmeticException();  //主动的抛出异常 ,一般在方法中使用
        }
    }
}

捕获异常

package exception;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 1;
        int b = 0;


        //假设要捕获多个异常要遵循从小到大的原则.

        try { //try 监控区域
           
            System.out.println(a/b);

        }catch (Error e) {  //catch(想要捕获的异常类型)   捕获异常
            System.out.println("Error");

        }catch(Exception e){
            System.out.println("Exception");

        }
        finally {  //处理善后工作
            System.out.println("finally");
        }

        //finally可以不要,假设io ,资源,关闭
    }

}

package exception;

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 1;
        int b = 0;
        //快捷键 ctrl + alt +win+t
        try {
            System.out.println(a/b);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();//打印错误的栈信息
        }
    }
}

异常处理五个关键字:

​ try , catch , finally , throw , throws

自定义异常

package exception.demo02;
//自定义异常
public class MyException extends Exception{

//传递数字  >10;抛出异常

    private int detail;

    public MyException( int a) {
        this.detail = a;
    }
    //toString 打印信息 打印异常信息

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MyException{" +
                detail +
                '}';
    }
}

package exception.demo02;

public class Test {
    //可能会存在异常的方法
    static void  test(int a) throws MyException {
        System.out.println("传递的参数为:"+a);
        if (a > 10) {
            throw new MyException(a);//抛出
        }
        System.out.println("OK");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            test(11);

        } catch (MyException e) {
            System.out.println("MyException==>"+e);
        }
    }
}
lic static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            test(11);

        } catch (MyException e) {
            System.out.println("MyException==>"+e);
        }
    }
}