string是C++风格的字符串,它不同于char*。char是一个指针,而string的本质其实是一个类,它的内部封装了char来管理这个字符串,是一个char*型的容器。
构造函数
原型:
string();
//创建一个空字符串string(const char* s);
//使用字符串s初始化string(const string& str);
//一个string对象初始化另一个string对象string(int n, char m);
//使用n个字符m初始化
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
string s1; //创建空字符串
cout << "str1 = " << s1 << endl;
const char* str = "hello world";
string s2(str);
cout << "str2 = " << s2 << endl;
string s3(s2); //调用拷贝构造函数
cout << "str3 = " << s3 << endl;
string s4(10, 'a');
cout << "str3 = " << s3 << endl;
}
赋值
原型:
string& operator=(const char* s);
//char*类型字符串 赋值给当前的字符串string& operator=(const string &s);
//把字符串s赋给当前的字符串string& operator=(char c);
//字符赋值给当前的字符串string& assign(const char *s);
//把字符串s赋给当前的字符串string& assign(const char *s, int n);
//把字符串s的前n个字符赋给当前的字符串string& assign(const string &s);
//把字符串s赋给当前字符串string& assign(int n, char c);
//用n个字符c赋给当前字符串
string str1;
str1 = "hello world";
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
string str2;
str2 = str1;
cout << "str2 = " << str2 << endl;
string str3;
str3 = 'a';
cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
string str4;
str4.assign("hello c++");
cout << "str4 = " << str4 << endl;
string str5;
str5.assign("hello c++",5);
cout << "str5 = " << str5 << endl;
string str6;
str6.assign(str5);
cout << "str6 = " << str6 << endl;
string str7;
str7.assign(5, 'x');
cout << "str7 = " << str7 << endl;
字符串比较
字符串比较是按字符的ASCII码进行对比
= 返回 0
> 返回 1
< 返回 -1
函数原型:
int compare(const string &s) const;
//与字符串s比较int compare(const char *s) const;
//与字符串s比较
//字符串比较
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
string s1 = "hello";
string s2 = "aello";
int ret = s1.compare(s2);
if (ret == 0) {
cout << "s1 等于 s2" << endl;
}
else if (ret > 0) {
cout << "s1 大于 s2" << endl;
} else {
cout << "s1 小于 s2" << endl;
}
}
字符串拼接
函数原型:
重载+=操作符
string& operator+=(const char* str);
string& operator+=(const char c);
string& operator+=(const string& str);
append方法
string& append(const char *s);
//把字符串s连接到当前字符串结尾string& append(const char *s, int n);
//把字符串s的前n个字符连接到当前字符串结尾string& append(const string &s);
string& append(const string &s, int pos, int n);
//字符串s中从pos开始的n个字符连接到字符串结尾
//字符串拼接
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
string str1 = "hello";
str1 += "world";
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
str1 += '!';
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
string str2 = "hello C++";
str1 += str2;
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
string str3 = "I";
str3.append(" love ");
str3.append("C++ abcde", 3);
//str3.append(str2);
str3.append(str2, 4, 3); // 从下标4位置开始 ,截取3个字符,拼接到字符串末尾
cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
}
字符串查找
- find查找是从左往后,rfind从右往左
- find找到字符串后返回查找的第一个字符位置,找不到返回-1
函数原型:
int find(const char c, int pos = 0) const;
//查找字符c第一次出现位置int find(const string& str, int pos = 0) const;
//从pos开始查找str第一次出现位置。int find(const char* s, int pos = 0) const;
//从pos开始查找s第一次出现位置int find(const char* s, int pos, int n) const;
//从pos位置查找s的前n个字符第一次位置int rfind(const char c, int pos = 0) const;
//查找字符c最后一次出现位置int rfind(const string& str, int pos = npos) const;
//从pos开始查找str最后一次位置int rfind(const char* s, int pos = npos) const;
//从pos开始查找s最后一次出现位置int rfind(const char* s, int pos, int n) const;
//从pos查找s的前n个字符最后一次位置
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
//查找
string str1 = "abcdshsgdegsgh";
int pos = str1.find("sg");
if (pos == -1) {
cout << "未找到" << endl;
} else {
cout << "pos = " << pos << endl;
}
pos = str1.rfind("sg");
cout << "pos = " << pos << endl;
}
字符串替换
函数原型:
string& replace(int pos, int n, const string& str);
//替换从pos开始n个字符为字符串strstring& replace(int pos, int n,const char* s);
//替换从pos开始的n个字符为字符串s
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void mian()
{
//替换
string str1 = "abcdefgde";
str1.replace(1, 3, "1111");
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
}
字符串插入
函数原型:
string& insert(int pos, const char* s);
string& insert(int pos, const string& str);
string& insert(int pos, int n, char c);
//在指定位置插入n个字符c
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
string str = "hello";
str.insert(1, "111");
cout << str << endl;
cout << str << endl;
}
字符串删除
函数原型:
string& erase(int pos, int n = npos);
//删除从Pos开始的n个字符
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
string str = "helloC++";
cout << str << endl;
str.erase(1, 3); //从1号位置开始3个字符
cout << str << endl;
}
字符串读取
函数原型:
char& operator[](int n);
//通过[]方式取字符char& at(int n);
//通过at方法获取字符
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str = "hello world";
for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++) {
cout << str[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++) {
cout << str.at(i) << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//字符修改
str[0] = 'H';
str.at(6) = 'W';
cout << str << endl;
return 0;
}
字符串子串
函数原型:
string substr(int pos = 0, int n = npos) const;
//返回由pos开始的n个字符组成的字符串
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str = "hello world!";
string subStr = str.substr(0, 5);
cout << "subStr = " << subStr << endl;
string email = "jojo@163.com";
int pos = email.find("@");
string username = email.substr(0, pos);
cout << "username: " << username << endl;
}