R语言基础命令——向量和矩阵的运算

1.变量赋值

> x=c(1,3,4,6,3,2)
> x
[1] 1 3 4 6 3 2

2.查看变量内容类型

> x=c(1,3,4,6,3,2)
> mode(x)
[1] "numeric"
> y=c("a","d","xra")
> mode(y)
[1] "character"

3.帮助命令

> help(mode)
starting httpd help server ... done

4.变量长度

> x1=c(2,4,6,8,0)
> x2=c(1,3,5,7,9)
> length(x1)
[1] 5
> x1
[1] 2 4 6 8 0
> x1[3]
[1] 6
> a1=c(1:100)
> length(a1)
[1] 100

5.把向量按行和列组成矩阵

> x1=c(2,4,6,8,0)
> x2=c(1,3,5,7,9)
> rbind(x1,x2)
   [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
x1    2    4    6    8    0
x2    1    3    5    7    9
> m1=rbind(x1,x2)
> m1
   [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
x1    2    4    6    8    0
x2    1    3    5    7    9
> cbind(x1,x2)
     x1 x2
[1,]  2  1
[2,]  4  3
[3,]  6  5
[4,]  8  7
[5,]  0  9

6.向量的计算

 6.1 命令快速取值

> x=c(1:100)
> mean(x)
[1] 50.5
> sum(x)
[1] 5050
> max(x)
[1] 100
> min(x)
[1] 1
> var(x)
[1] 841.6667
> prod(x)
[1] 9.332622e+157
> sd(x)
[1] 29.01149

mean：求平均值
sum：求和
max、min：求最大值、最小值
var：求方差（离散程度）
prod：连乘，从123*…*100
sd：求标准差

6.2 计算

> 1:10
 [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10
> 1:10-1
 [1] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
> 1:10*2
 [1]  2  4  6  8 10 12 14 16 18 20
> 2:60*2+1
 [1]   5   7   9  11  13  15  17  19  21  23  25  27  29  31  33  35  37  39
[19]  41  43  45  47  49  51  53  55  57  59  61  63  65  67  69  71  73  75
[37]  77  79  81  83  85  87  89  91  93  95  97  99 101