设计模式——享元模式

享元模式

@author 李思文

@createTime 2020/01/14

​ **享元模式(Flyweight)：**运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。

代码示例：

Flyweight.java

/**
 * @ProjectName: designpattern
 * @ClassName: Flyweight
 * @Description: 它是所有具体享元类的超类或接口，通过这个接口，Flyweight可以接受并作用域外部状态。
 * @Author: lisiwen
 * @Date: 2020/1/14 9:00
 **/
public interface Flyweight {
    /**
     * @Description 业务操作
     * @Date 2020/1/14 9:02
     * @param extrinsicstate
     * @Return void
     **/
    void Operation(int extrinsicstate);
}

ConcreteFlyweight.java

/**
 * @ProjectName: designpattern
 * @ClassName: ConcreteFlyweight
 * @Description: 继承Flyweight超类或实现Flyweight接口，并为内部装填增加存储空间
 * @Author: lisiwen
 * @Date: 2020/1/14 9:02
 **/
public class ConcreteFlyweight implements Flyweight {
    @Override
    public void Operation(int extrinsicstate) {
        System.out.println("具体Flyweight:" + extrinsicstate);
    }
}

UnsharedConcreteFlyweight.java

/**
 * @ProjectName: designpattern
 * @ClassName: UnsharedConcreteFlyweight
 * @Description: 指那些不需要共享的Flyweight子类。因为Flyweight接口共享成为可能，但它并不强制共享。
 * @Author: lisiwen
 * @Date: 2020/1/14 9:05
 **/
public class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight implements Flyweight {
    @Override
    public void Operation(int extrinsicstate) {
        System.out.println("不共享的具体Flyweight:" + extrinsicstate);
    }
}

FlyweightFactory.java

/**
 * @ProjectName: designpattern
 * @ClassName: FlyweightFactory
 * @Description: 是一个享元工厂，用来创建并管理Flyweight对象。它主要是用来确保合理地共享Flyweight，当用户请求一个Flyweight时，FlyweightFactory对象提供一个已创建的实例或者创建要给（如果不存在的话）
 * @Author: lisiwen
 * @Date: 2020/1/14 9:07
 **/
public class FlyweightFactory {
    private Hashtable flyweights = new Hashtable();

    public FlyweightFactory() {
        flyweights.put("X", new ConcreteFlyweight());
        flyweights.put("Y", new ConcreteFlyweight());
        flyweights.put("Z", new ConcreteFlyweight());
    }

    public Flyweight getFlyweight(String key) {
        Flyweight flyweight = (Flyweight) flyweights.get(key);
        return flyweight;
    }
}

Main.java

/**
 * @ProjectName: designpattern
 * @ClassName: Main
 * @Description: 客户端代码
 * @Author: lisiwen
 * @Date: 2020/1/14 9:11
 **/
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int extrinsicstate = 22;
        FlyweightFactory f = new FlyweightFactory();
        Flyweight fx = f.getFlyweight("X");
        fx.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
        Flyweight fy = f.getFlyweight("Y");
        fy.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
        Flyweight fz = f.getFlyweight("Z");
        fz.Operation(--extrinsicstate);

        Flyweight uf = new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight();
        uf.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
    }
}
// 控制台输出
具体Flyweight:21
具体Flyweight:20
具体Flyweight:19
不共享的具体Flyweight:18

​ 享元模式可以避免大量非常相似类的开销。在程序设计中，有时需要生成大量细粒度的类实例来表示数据。如果能发现这些实例除了几个参数外基本都是相同的，有时就能够受大幅度的减少需要实例化的类的数量。如果能够把那些参数移到类实例的外面，在方法调用时将他们传递进来，就可以通过共享大服务的减少单个实例的数目。

享元模式的应用

​ 如果一个应用程序使用了大量的对象，而大量的这些对象造成了很大的存储开销时就应该考虑使用

​ 还有就是对象的大多数状态可以外部状态，如果删除对象的外部状态，那么可以用相对较少的共享对象取代很多组对象，此时看可以考虑使用享元模式。

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