Java集合 ArrayList原理

一、ArrayList 的定义

• 定义一个ArrayList 数组

//List<E> objectName = new ArrayList<>();
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

E: 泛型数据类型，用于设置 objectName 的数据类型，只能为引用数据类型。objectName 是数组名。
这里定义一个String类型的ArrayList数组示例。

在定义的时候我们会调用ArrayList的构造方法,下面是ArrayList类构造函数的源码

public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
        implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 8683452581122892189L;

    /**
     * Default initial capacity.
     */
    private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;

    /**
     * Shared empty array instance used for empty instances.
     */
    private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};

    /**
     * Shared empty array instance used for default sized empty instances. We
     * distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when
     * first element is added.
     */
    private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};

    /**
     * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
     * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
     * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
     * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
     */
    transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access

    /**
     * The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains).
     *
     * @serial
     */
    private int size;

    /**
     * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.
     *
     * @param  initialCapacity  the initial capacity of the list
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
     *         is negative
     */
    public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
        if (initialCapacity > 0) {
            this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
        } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.
     */
    public ArrayList() {
        this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    }

可以看到ArrayList的底层是一个Object[]，添加到ArrayList中的数据保存在了elementData属性中。

• 调用空的构造函数

List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

将一个空数组赋值给了elementData ，这时数组的长度size为0

• 调用其他构造函数

List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(10);

根据传入的长度，将一个长度为10的Object数组赋值给elementData

二、ArrayList 的使用

1.添加 add(E element)

• 源码

public boolean add(E e) {
    ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);
    // Increments modCount!!
    elementData[size++] = e;
    return true;
}

首先通过 ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1) 来保证底层Object[]数组有足够的空间存放添加的数据，然后将添加的数据存放到数组对应的位置上.

private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
    if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
        minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
    }
    ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
}
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
	modCount++;
	// overflow-conscious code
	if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
		grow(minCapacity);
}
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
    // overflow-conscious code
    int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
    int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
    if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
        newCapacity = minCapacity;
    if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
        newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
    // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
    elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}

首先确定了Object[]足够存放添加数据的最小容量,然后通过grow方法进行扩容。
扩容规则为“数组当前足够的最小容量 + （数组当前足够的最小容量 / 2）”，即数组当前足够的最小容量 * 1.5

2.设置值 set(int index, E element)

• 源码

public E set(int index, E element) {
    rangeCheck(index);
    E oldValue = elementData(index);
    elementData[index] = element;
    return oldValue;
}

通过传入的数字下标找到对应的位置，替换其中的元素，前提也需要首先判断传入的数组下标是否越界。

3.获取值 get(int index)

• 源码

public E get(int index) {
    rangeCheck(index);
    return elementData(index);
}
E elementData(int index) {
    return (E) elementData[index];
}

通过下标查找，同时需要进行了类型转换，因为数组为Object[]，前提是需要判断传入的数组下标是否越界。

4.删除 remove(int index)

• 源码

public E remove(int index) {
    rangeCheck(index);
    modCount++;
    E oldValue = elementData(index);
    int numMoved = size - index - 1;
    if (numMoved > 0)
        System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved);
    elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
    return oldValue;
}

首先获取了待删除的元素，并最终返回了。其次计算了数组中需要移动的位数 size - index - 1，那么很明显我们可以得出待删除的是最后一个元素的话，移到位数为0，否则移动位数大于0，那么通过数组元素的拷贝来实现往前移动相应位数。