主要参考:
IDEA2021.2安装与配置(持续更新)
使用IDEA搭建一个简单的SpringBoot项目——详细过程
MySql 5.7 +SpringBoot2.7.8 + Maven3.6.3 +IDEA 2018
一.Maven下载和安装
主要参考 Windows安装Maven各版本
1.Maven下载
官网:Maven – Download Apache Maven
下载了3.6.3版本,解压到E盘,新建一个仓库文件夹
2.配置本地仓库
修改为
<localRepository>E:\apache-maven-repository</localRepository>
3.配置远程仓库
依旧是这个文件下的mirrors下面建两个阿里云的远程仓库下载路径 。
<!--阿里远程仓库 -->
<mirror>
<id>alimaven</id>
<name>aliyun maven</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
<mirror>
<id>alimaven</id>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
<name>aliyun maven</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/</url>
</mirror>
修改完保存。
4.编辑系统变量
新建系统变量MAVEN_HOME
在Path环境变量下添加Maven的参数 %MAVEN_HOME%\bin
5.输入mvn -v查看版本号及安装情况
6.然后用idea配置下Maven的路径,配置文件路径,本地仓库路径即可
二、使用IDEA搭建一个简单的SpringBoot项目
主要参考:使用IDEA搭建一个简单的SpringBoot项目——详细过程
1.创建项目
2.Maven仓库的配置
点击右侧的Maven,点击设置(扳手图标)进行Maven仓库的配置
配置完后,如果没有自动导包,可以点击左上角重新导包按钮,或者呢个下载按钮,选择下载所有源文件和文档
3.新建index.html页面
在templates文件下新建index.html页面,作为启动的初始页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>hello</title>
</head>
<body>
你好!初学者,我是SpringBoot的简单启动页面!
</body>
</html>
4.新建controller文件夹
在com.example.test(重建后目录变化)下新建controller文件夹,在controller文件夹下建一个简单的HelloController类;(Controller类要添加@Controller注解,项目启动时,SpringBoot会自动扫描加载Controller
package com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/index")
public String sayHello() {
return "index";
}
}
5.配置DataSource基本信息
在resources文件夹下application中先配置DataSource基本信息,application文件有两种文件格式,一种是以.properties为后缀,一种是以.yml为后缀的,两种配置方式略有差别,详情可参考这个网址:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29648651/article/details/78503853;在这我是用.yml后缀的文件格式。右键application文件选择Refact,选择Rename,将后缀改为yml;
6.运行项目启动类
7.在浏览器中输入localhost:8080,回车显示初始的index界面
到这项目的初步搭建已经完成,下面可以下一些简单的业务逻辑,比如从数据库获取信息,登录之类的简单功能;
8.链接数据库
点击右侧的Database,点“加号”,新建数据库链接;
链接失败是驱动的问题,点击左上角的小扳手,进入数据库设置界面
新建user表,再添加字段
成功
9.SpringBoot项目的分层:
(1)DAO层:包括XxxMapper.java(数据库访问接口类),XxxMapper.xml(数据库链接实现);(这个命名,有人喜欢用Dao命名,有人喜欢用Mapper,看个人习惯了吧) `Xxx.java 一般是定义函数, Xxx.xml 是具体实现(增删改查)
(2)Bean层:也叫model层,模型层,entity层,实体层,就是数据库表的映射实体类,存放POJO对象; 定义变量,与数据库相对应
(3)Service层:也叫服务层,业务层,包括XxxService.java(业务接口类),XxxServiceImpl.java(业务实现类);(可以在service文件夹下新建impl文件放业务实现类,也可以把业务实现类单独放一个文件夹下,更清晰) XxxService.java(业务接口类)和DAO层的Xxx.java类似,都是定义函数,XxxServiceImpl.java(业务实现类)是具体实现
(4)Web层:就是Controller层,实现与web前端的交互。
10.代码添加
(1)在application配置文件中添加MyBatis配置:
spring:
datasource:
name: test #数据库名
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
username: root #用户名
password: '123456' #密码
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
#数据库链接驱动
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml #配置映射文件
type-aliases-package: com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.bean #配置实体类
(2)pom.xml文件配置信息
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.7.8</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.miaoshaproject</groupId>
<artifactId>miaosha</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>miaosha</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--thymeleaf模板引擎配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--Web依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--MySQL数据库配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.19</version>
</dependency>
<!--单元测试配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--MyBatis配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
(3)Bean实体类,依据数据库表,生成set和get方法;
package com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.bean;
public class UserBean {
private int id;
private String name;
private String password;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
(4)DAO层访问数据库接口文件:
package com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.mapper;
import com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.bean.UserBean;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public interface UserMapper {
UserBean getInfo(@Param("name")String name, @Param("password")String password);
}
(5)DAO层访问数据库实现文件
(需在resource包下创建mapper文件夹,然后再创建一个UserMapper.xml.在application配置文件中mybatis:mapper-locations:对应的就是该文件地址),注意标签的namespace属性要填写 访问数据库接口类文件路径:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.mapper.UserMapper">
<select id="getInfo" parameterType="String" resultType="com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.bean.UserBean">
SELECT * FROM user WHERE name = #{name} AND password = #{password}
</select>
</mapper>
(6)Service层业务接口类编写:
package com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.service;
import com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.bean.UserBean;
public interface UserService {
UserBean loginIn(String name, String password);
}
(7)Service层业务实现类编写,注意要注解@Service,注入DAO:
package com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.servicelmpl;
import com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.bean.UserBean;
import com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class UserServicelmpl implements UserService {
//将DAO注入Service层
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
@Override
public UserBean loginIn(String name, String password) {
return userMapper.getInfo(name,password);
}
}
(8)项目启动类要添加注解@MapperScan项目启动时扫描mapper接口,否则会报错找不到mapper文件:
package com.miaoshaproject.miaosha;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.mapper")
public class MiaoshaApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MiaoshaApplication.class, args);
}
}
(9)编写测试类,看是否能成功 访问数据库,获取数据库信息:
package com.miaoshaproject.miaosha;
import com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.bean.UserBean;
import com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.service.UserService;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
class MiaoshaApplicationTests {
@Autowired
UserService userService;
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
UserBean userBean = userService.loginIn("a","a");
System.out.println("该用户ID为:");
System.out.println(userBean.getId());
}
}
(10) controller层,注意添加@controller注解,注入Service服务:
package com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.controller;
import com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.bean.UserBean;
import com.miaoshaproject.miaosha.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@Controller
public class LoginController {
//将Service注入Web层
@Autowired
UserService userService;
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String show(){
return "login";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/loginIn",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String login(String name,String password){
UserBean userBean = userService.loginIn(name,password);
if(userBean!=null){
return "success";
}else {
return "error";
}
}
}
(11)html文件:
login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>login</title>
</head>
<body>
<form role="form" action = "/loginIn" method="post">
账号:<input type="text" id="name" name = "name"> <br>
密码:<input type="password" id = "password" name = "password"> <br>
<input type="submit" id = "login" value = "login">
</form>
</body>
</html>
success.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>success</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录成功!</h1>
</body>
</html>
error.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>error</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录失败!</h1>
</body>
</html>
11.先运行测试类,看是否成功获取数据库信息:
12.运行TestApplication.java文件,启动项目,无任何WARN警告信息,进入浏览器输入localhost:8080/login
三、报错总结
1.Unable to import maven project: See logs for details
解决:删除项目的.idea文件,选择根项目,然后重新导入项目;
参考:idea Maven报Unable to import maven project: See logs for details解决方法
2.Error:java: 无效的源发行版: 11
解决:修改project settings的配置
3.Error: 类文件具有错误的版本 61.0, 应为 52.0, 请删除该文件或确保该文件位于正确的类路径子目录中。
原因:SpringBoot 3.0 最低要求是 jdkb版本为 17,所以spring-boot-starter-parent需要使用 2.x 的版本,将版本改为2.x以下就可以了
解决:直接修改这两个地方,然后import change
参考:java: 无法访问org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;类文件具有错误的版本 61.0, 应为 52.0
4.MySQL数据库[42000][1049] Unknown database ‘test‘.
解决:数据库创建时名字错误,改正
参考:IDEA连接MySQL数据库[42000][1049] Unknown database ‘logistics‘.
5.数据库建表时报错 [42000][1064] You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ’
解决:用5.7版本的mysql建表语言去建表
6.UserServicelmpl 报错Could not autowire. No beans of ‘UserMapper‘ type found
解决:在 UserMapper里加入了注解@Repository
参考:idea报“Could not autowire. No beans of ‘UserMapper‘ type found. ”错解决办法
7.测试时报错Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name ‘userServicelmpl’: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field ‘userMapper’;
参考:Causedby:org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with
8.IllegalStateException: Cannot load driver class: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
解决:pom.xml 中的mysql依赖写错
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.19</version>
</dependency>
参考:Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot load driver class: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
9.org.mybatis.spring.MyBatisSystemException: nested exception is org.apache.ibatis.binding.BindingException: Parameter ‘name’ not found. Available parameters are [arg1, arg0, param1, param2]
原因:mapper映射没有成功接收到参数,需要注意参数传入的写法,多参数要加@Param
解决:
参考:MyBatis参数注入报错Caused by: org.apache.ibatis.binding.BindingException: Parameter ‘name‘ not found.
10.java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
Caused by: while parsing a block mapping in ‘reader’, line 1, column 1: spring:
原因:yml文件格式异常,实体类路径错误
解决:修改yml文件
参考:Spring Boot常见报错1-while parsing a block mapping
11.Error querying database. Cause: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table ‘test.user’ doesn’t exist
原因:表建错了
参考:Error querying database. Cause: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table ‘database.record‘ doesn‘t e
12.java.lang.NullPointerException
原因:数据库里没有数据
解决:添加数据
参考:java.lang.NullPointerException异常问题解决方案
13.java.sql.SQLException: The server time zone value ‘�й���ʱ��‘ is unrecognized or represents more tha
原因:mysql-connector-java版本导致时区的问题
解决:application.yml的url后加入
&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
参考:[java.sql.SQLException: The server time zone value ‘�й���ʱ��‘ is unrecognized or represents more tha
14.java.sql.SQLException: Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ (using password: YES)
原因:密码错误,权限不足
解决:application.yml中password改为正确的
参考:[解决java.sql.SQLException: Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ (using password: YES)