利用Python统计中文或英文文本词频（适合初学者）

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-20 09:48:06 发布

红黄蓝幼儿园

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-20 09:48:06 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45624989/article/details/107382908

版权

一篇文章出现了那些词语？那些词出现的次数最多？
中文文本？英文文本？
英文文本测试资源：哈默雷特：https://python123.io/resources/pye/hamlet.txt
中文文本测试资源：三国演义：https://python123.io/resources/pye/threekingdoms.txt
一、利用Python统计哈姆雷特
二、利用Python统计三国演义

一、首先处理英语文本：
对于英语文本，我们需要去噪化及归一化（英语文本中除了英语单词外还有各种符号，及大小写）。

def getText():
    txt = open("hamlet.txt", "r").read()
    txt = txt.lower()       #大写字母全部转化为小写字母
    for ch in '!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_‘{|}~': #\在python表示转义字符，故\\才是反斜杠
       txt = txt.replace(ch, " ")       #用空格代替标点符号
    return txt

hamletTxt = getText()
words = hamletTxt.split()       #以空格为标志，对字符串进行切片处理，转化为列表类型
counts = {}                     #利用字典表达词频
for word in words:
    counts[word] = counts.get(word,0) + 1   #统计单词word出现频率
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key = lambda x:x[1], reverse = True)
for i in range(10):#输出出现次数最多得前十的词语
    word, count = items[i]
    print("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word,count))

运行结果：
在这里插入图片描述

二、处理中文文本：
后文附有jieba库安装方法

import jieba
txt = open("threekingdoms.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8').read()
words  = jieba.lcut(txt)
counts = {}
for word in words:
    if len(word) == 1:
        continue
    else:
        counts[word] = counts.get(word,0) + 1
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True) 
for i in range(15):
    word, count = items[i]
    print ("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word, count))

运行结果：
在这里插入图片描述
如果要统计人物频率，我们则需要剔除一些不是名字的词语，并且如玄德，玄德曰都是指刘备……

改进代码：

import jieba
excludes = {"将军","却说","荆州","二人","不可","不能","如此"}
txt = open("threekingdoms.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8').read()
words  = jieba.lcut(txt)
counts = {}
for word in words:
    if len(word) == 1:
        continue
    elif word == "诸葛亮" or word == "孔明曰":
        rword = "孔明"
    elif word == "关公" or word == "云长":
        rword = "关羽"
    elif word == "玄德" or word == "玄德曰":
        rword = "刘备"
    elif word == "孟德" or word == "丞相":
        rword = "曹操"
    else:
        rword = word
    counts[rword] = counts.get(rword,0) + 1
for word in excludes:
    del counts[word]
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True) 
for i in range(10):
    word, count = items[i]
    print ("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word, count))