哈夫曼编码（Java图形界面实现）

                                      4.1 哈夫曼编/译码器

4.1.1 项目简介
哈夫曼编/译码器问题：利用哈夫曼编码（加密）进行信息通讯可以大大提高信道利用率，缩短信息传输时间，降低传输成本，保证报文安全。这要求在发送端通过一个编码系统对待传数据预先编码；在接收端将传来的数据进行译码（解密）。设计要求如下：
一个完整的系统应具有以下功能：
(1)初始化 (Initialization)：从终端读入n个字符，建立哈夫曼树；
(2)编码 (Coding)：利用已建好的哈夫曼树，对字符进行编码，然后将正文编码结果存入文件codefile中；
(3)译码 (Decoding)：利用已建好的哈夫曼树将文件codefile中的代码进行译码，结果存入文件textfile中。

建议：

1. 将本次实验与《计算机网络》或者《计算机组成原理》中的通讯协议相结合，对报文进行加密\解密。

代码清单

MainJFrame

package ex4_Huffman;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

/**
 * @Version 1.0
 * @Author:刘昕
 * @Date:2021/3/30 11:06
 * @Software: IntelliJ IDEA
 * @Content:
 */
public class MainJFrame extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
    public static Label text;
    JPanel functionPanel, textPanel, loadPanel, encodePanel, decodePanel, plainTextPanel, encodeTextPanel, decodeTextPanel;
    static JTextArea plainText;
    static JTextArea encodeText;
    static JTextArea decodeText;
    JScrollPane plainTextScroll, encodeTextScroll, decodeTextScroll;
    JButton loadButton, encodeButton, decodeButton;
    JTextField path;
    JLabel pathLabel;
    //存储明文
    static String plain_text = "";
    public MainJFrame(){
        super("哈夫曼编码/译码");
        this.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        this.setSize(900, 600);
        this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        //添加功能面板
        functionPanel = new BackgroundPanel();
        functionPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("功能区"));
        loadPanel = new JPanel();
        encodePanel = new JPanel();
        decodePanel = new JPanel();
        loadButton = new JButton("加载");
        loadButton.addActionListener(this);
        encodeButton = new JButton("编码");
        encodeButton.addActionListener(this);
        decodeButton = new JButton("译码");
        decodeButton.addActionListener(this);
        pathLabel = new JLabel("路径：");
        path = new JTextField(26);
        this.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.NORTH, functionPanel);
        functionPanel.add(loadPanel);
        functionPanel.add(encodePanel);
        functionPanel.add(decodePanel);
        loadPanel.add(pathLabel);

        loadPanel.add(path);
        loadPanel.add(loadButton);
        encodePanel.add(encodeButton);
        decodePanel.add(decodeButton);
        //添加文本面板
        textPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
        textPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("文本区"));
        textPanel.setBackground(Color.GRAY);
        this.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.CENTER, textPanel);

        plainTextPanel = new BackgroundPanel();
        plainTextPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("明文"));
        textPanel.add(plainTextPanel);
        encodeTextPanel = new BackgroundPanel();
        encodeTextPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("编码"));
        textPanel.add(encodeTextPanel);
        decodeTextPanel = new BackgroundPanel();
        decodeTextPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("译文"));
        textPanel.add(decodeTextPanel);

        plainText = new JTextArea(57,29);
        plainText.setBackground(Color.pink);
        plainText.setLineWrap(true);
        plainText.setFont(new Font("楷体",Font.BOLD,16));
        encodeText = new JTextArea(57,29);
        encodeText.setBackground(Color.pink);
        encodeText.setLineWrap(true);
        encodeText.setFont(new Font("楷体",Font.BOLD,16));
        decodeText = new JTextArea(57,29);
        decodeText.setBackground(Color.pink);
        decodeText.setLineWrap(true);
        decodeText.setFont(new Font("楷体",Font.BOLD,16));

        plainTextScroll = new JScrollPane(plainText);
        plainTextScroll.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS);
        encodeTextScroll = new JScrollPane(encodeText);
        encodeTextScroll.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS);
        decodeTextScroll = new JScrollPane(decodeText);
        decodeTextScroll.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS);

        plainTextPanel.add(plainTextScroll);
        encodeTextPanel.add(encodeTextScroll);
        decodeTextPanel.add(decodeTextScroll);

        this.setVisible(true);
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //加载明文按键
        if (e.getSource() == loadButton){
            String Path = path.getText();
            ReadFile.readTextFile(Path);
        }
        //输出编码按键
        else if (e.getSource() == encodeButton){
            new Huffman();
            Huffman.encodeFunc();
        }
        //输出译码按键
        else if (e.getSource() == decodeButton){
            Huffman.decodeFunc();
        }

    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
        new MainJFrame();
    }
}

Node

package ex4_Huffman;

/**
 * @Version 1.0
 * @Author:刘昕
 * @Date:2021/3/30 10:55
 * @Software: IntelliJ IDEA
 * @Content: class Node
 */
public class Node {
    String ch;
    int num;
    Node leftChild = null;
    Node rightChild = null;

    public Node(){}
    public Node(String ch, int num) {
        this.ch = ch;
        this.num = num;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Node{" +
                "ch='" + ch + '\'' +
                ", num=" + num +
                '}';
    }

    public String getCh() {
        return ch;
    }

    public void setCh(String ch) {
        this.ch = ch;
    }

    public int getNum() {
        return num;
    }

    public void setNum(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }

    public Node getLeftChild() {
        return leftChild;
    }

    public void setLeftChild(Node leftChild) {
        this.leftChild = leftChild;
    }

    public Node getRightChild() {
        return rightChild;
    }

    public void setRightChild(Node rightChild) {
        this.rightChild = rightChild;
    }
    public int compareTo(Node o2){
        return this.getNum() - o2.getNum();
    }
}

Huffman

package ex4_Huffman;

import ex1_学生报考系统.Student;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * @Version 1.0
 * @Author:刘昕
 * @Date:2021/3/30 10:59
 * @Software: IntelliJ IDEA
 * @Content:
 */
public class Huffman {

    //字符及出现频率放入哈希表中
    HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
    //编码
    static HashMap<String, String> encodeMap = new HashMap<>();
    //译码
    static HashMap<String, String> decodeMap = new HashMap<>();
    //哈希表中的数据放入数组中， 方便排序建树
    ArrayList<Node> array = new ArrayList<>();
    static Node tree;

    public Huffman(){
        //把字符放入到哈希表中， key代表字符， value是出现频率
        for (int i = 0; i < MainJFrame.plain_text.length(); i++){
            String ch = MainJFrame.plain_text.charAt(i) + "";
            //这个字符在map中没有，放入map
            if (map.get(ch) == null){
                map.put(ch, 1);
            }
            //这个字符在map中存在，value+1重新放入
            else{
                map.replace(ch, map.get(ch), map.get(ch)+1 );
            }
        }
        //哈希表中的数据放入数组中
        for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> t : map.entrySet()){
            Node temp = new Node(t.getKey(), t.getValue());
            array.add(temp);
        }
        //进行排序
        sortFunc();
        //n为叶子节点数目, n2为2度节点数目
        int n = array.size();
        int n2 = n - 1;

        //建立哈夫曼树
        for (int j = 0; j < n2; j++){
            Node t  = new Node(null,  array.get(0).getNum()+array.get(1).getNum());
            t.leftChild = array.get(0);
            t.rightChild = array.get(1);
            array.add(t);

            array.remove(0);
            array.remove(0);
            sortFunc();
        }
        tree = array.get(0);
    }

    public void sortFunc(){
        Collections.sort(array, new Comparator<Node>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(Node o1, Node o2) {
                return o1.compareTo(o2);
            }
        });
    }
    //编码函数
    public static void encodeFunc(){
        encodeFunc2(Huffman.tree, "", encodeMap, decodeMap);
        for (int i = 0; i < MainJFrame.plain_text.length(); i++){
            MainJFrame.encodeText.append(encodeMap.get(MainJFrame.plain_text.charAt(i)+""));
        }
    }
    public static void encodeFunc2(Node tree, String code, HashMap<String, String> encodeMap, HashMap<String, String> decodeMap){
        if (tree.rightChild == null ){
            //编码表
            encodeMap.put(tree.ch, code);
            //译码表

            decodeMap.put(code, tree.ch);
        }
        else{
            encodeFunc2(tree.leftChild, code + "0", encodeMap, decodeMap);
            encodeFunc2(tree.rightChild, code + "1", encodeMap, decodeMap);
        }
    }
    //译码函数
    public static void decodeFunc(){
        String s_decodeFunc = MainJFrame.encodeText.getText();
        int j = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < s_decodeFunc.length(); ){
            j++;
            String s_decodeFunc2 = s_decodeFunc.substring(i, j);
            if (decodeMap.get(s_decodeFunc2) != null){
                MainJFrame.decodeText.append(decodeMap.get(s_decodeFunc2));
                i = j;
            }
        }
    }
}

BackGroundPanel

package ex4_Huffman;


import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JPanel;

/**
 * @Version 1.0
 * @Author:刘昕
 * @Date:2021/3/30 11:55
 * @Software: IntelliJ IDEA
 * @Content:
 */
public class BackgroundPanel extends JPanel {

    ImageIcon icon;
    Image img;

    public BackgroundPanel() {
        //  /img/HomeImg.jpg 是存放在你正在编写的项目的bin文件夹下的img文件夹下的一个图片
        icon = new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("./Imag/3.jpg"));
        img = icon.getImage();
    }

    public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        //下面这行是为了背景图片可以跟随窗口自行调整大小，可以自己设置成固定大小
        g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, this.getWidth(), this.getHeight(), this);
    }

}

ReadFile

package ex4_Huffman;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

/**
 * @Version 1.0
 * @Author:刘昕
 * @Date:2021/3/30 14:28
 * @Software: IntelliJ IDEA
 * @Content:
 */
public class ReadFile {
    public static void readTextFile(String path){
        String encoding = "utf-8";
        try{
            File file = new File(path);
            if (file.isFile() && file.exists()){
                InputStreamReader read = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file),encoding);
                BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(read);
                String lineTxt = null;
                while((lineTxt = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
                    MainJFrame.plainText.append(lineTxt);
                    MainJFrame.plain_text += lineTxt;
                }
                read.close();
            }
            else{
                System.out.println("文件不存在！");
            }

        }
        catch(Exception e){
            System.out.println("读取文件出错");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

源代码链接：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/166JJ1cdQ2fqWoYg_BqtVGA
提取码：Code