1,R1/2/3/4/5/9/12/13/14/15运行BGP邻居,R4/5存在BGP邻居,R12/13运行BGP邻居,R4/5/12/13只能与R9建立BGP邻居
2.ospf分三个区域
3.所有设备均可访问
4.选路最佳
拓扑如下
AS1地址为192.168.1.0/24,划分完之后都是192.168.1.x/27(上面有标注)
AS2地址为172.16.0.0/16,划分完之后基本都是172.16.x.1/21,中间area1掩码为22位
AS3地址为,14.14.14.14/24
AS4地址为,15.15.15.15/24
一、
先讲AS2内部ospf建立起来
R4/5/6/7是area0
R6/7/8/9/10是area1
R10/11/12/13是area2
建立过程不演示了,R10与R11启用两个ospf进程,进行双向重发布
R10
ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
import-route ospf 2
area 0.0.0.1
network 172.16.72.0 0.0.7.255
network 172.16.112.0 0.0.3.255
ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10
import-route ospf 1
area 0.0.0.2
network 172.16.160.0 0.0.7.255
R11
ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
import-route ospf 2
area 0.0.0.1
network 172.16.88.0 0.0.7.255
network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
#
ospf 2 router-id 11.11.11.11
import-route ospf 1
area 0.0.0.2
network 172.16.168.0 0.0.7.255
二、
将AS1内部建立RIP协议
建立过程也不演示了
三、
建立BGP邻居关系
R1
bgp 1
router-id 1.1.1.1
peer 192.168.1.33 as-number 1 //跟R2建立邻居
peer 192.168.1.33 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 192.168.1.65 as-number 1 //跟R3建立邻居
peer 192.168.1.65 connect-interface LoopBack0
R2
bgp 1
router-id 2.2.2.2
peer 24.1.1.2 as-number 2 //跟R4建立邻居
peer 192.168.1.1 as-number 1 //跟R1建立邻居
peer 192.168.1.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 192.168.1.65 as-number 1 //跟R3建立邻居
peer 192.168.1.65 connect-interface LoopBack0
R3
bgp 1
router-id 3.3.3.3
peer 35.1.1.2 as-number 2 //跟R5建立邻居
peer 192.168.1.1 as-number 1 //跟R1建立邻居
peer 192.168.1.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 192.168.1.33 as-number 1 //跟R2建立邻居
peer 192.168.1.33 connect-interface LoopBack0
R4
bgp 2
router-id 4.4.4.4
peer 24.1.1.1 as-number 1 //跟R2建立邻居
peer 172.16.16.1 as-number 2 //跟R5建立邻居
peer 172.16.16.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 172.16.80.1 as-number 2 //跟R9建立邻居
peer 172.16.80.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
R5
bgp 2
router-id 5.5.5.5
peer 35.1.1.1 as-number 1 //跟R3建立邻居
peer 172.16.0.1 as-number 2 //跟R4建立邻居
peer 172.16.0.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 172.16.80.1 as-number 2 //跟R9建立邻居
peer 172.16.80.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
R9
bgp 2
router-id 9.9.9.9
peer 9.15.1.2 as-number 4 //跟R15建立邻居
peer 172.16.0.1 as-number 2 //跟R4建立邻居
peer 172.16.0.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 172.16.16.1 as-number 2 //跟R5建立邻居
peer 172.16.16.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 172.16.136.1 as-number 2 //跟R12建立邻居
peer 172.16.136.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 172.16.144.1 as-number 2 //跟R13建立邻居
peer 172.16.144.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
R12
bgp 2
router-id 12.12.12.12
peer 12.14.1.2 as-number 3 //跟R14建立邻居
peer 172.16.80.1 as-number 2 //跟R9建立邻居
peer 172.16.80.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 172.16.144.1 as-number 2 //跟R13建立邻居
peer 172.16.144.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
R13
bgp 2
router-id 13.13.13.13
peer 13.14.1.2 as-number 3 //跟R14建立邻居
peer 172.16.80.1 as-number 2 //跟R9建立邻居
peer 172.16.80.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 172.16.136.1 as-number 2 //跟R12建立邻居
peer 172.16.136.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
R14
bgp 3
router-id 14.14.14.14
peer 12.14.1.1 as-number 2 //跟R12建立邻居
peer 13.14.1.1 as-number 2 //跟R13建立邻居
R15
bgp 4
router-id 15.15.15.15
peer 9.15.1.1 as-number 2 //跟R9建立邻居
四、
将IGP路由通告进入BGP,并且对AS内不邻居修改下一跳
R2
bgp 1
network 192.168.1.0
peer 192.168.1.1 next-hop-local
peer 192.168.1.65 next-hop-local
R3
bgp 1
network 192.168.1.0
peer 192.168.1.1 next-hop-local
peer 192.168.1.33 next-hop-local
R4
bgp 2
network 172.16.0.0
peer 172.16.16.1 next-hop-local
peer 172.16.80.1 next-hop-local
R5
bgp 2
network 172.16.0.0
peer 172.16.0.1 next-hop-local
peer 172.16.80.1 next-hop-local
R9
bgp 2
network 172.16.0.0
peer 172.16.0.1 next-hop-local
peer 172.16.16.1 next-hop-local
peer 172.16.136.1 next-hop-local
peer 172.16.144.1 next-hop-local
R12
bgp 2
network 172.16.0.0
peer 172.16.80.1 next-hop-local
peer 172.16.144.1 next-hop-local
R13
bgp 2
network 172.16.0.0
peer 172.16.80.1 next-hop-local
peer 172.16.136.1 next-hop-local
R14
bgp 3
network 14.14.14.0 255.255.255.0
R15
bgp 4
network 15.15.15.0 255.255.255.0
五、
解决BGP路由黑洞,在AS2内所有路由器都开启MPLS,在工作在AS内的接口也开启MPLS
拿R2举个例子,剩下的都一样
mpls lsr-id 172.16.0.1 //写环回地址
mpls
lsp-trigger all
mpls ldp
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
mpls
mpls ldp
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
mpls
mpls ldp
AS1 ping AS4
<Huawei>ping -a 192.168.1.1 15.15.15.15
PING 15.15.15.15: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 15.15.15.15: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=50 ms
Reply from 15.15.15.15: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 15.15.15.15: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=60 ms
Reply from 15.15.15.15: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 15.15.15.15: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=50 ms
--- 15.15.15.15 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 40/48/60 ms
六、
AS2内部没有运行BGP的路由器无法访问AS1/3/4,在AS2的边界路由器下放缺省
R4
ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
default-route-advertise always
R5
ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
default-route-advertise always
R9
ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
default-route-advertise always
R12
ospf 2 router-id 12.12.12.12
default-route-advertise always
R13
ospf 2 router-id 13.13.13.13
default-route-advertise always
内部没有运行BGP的路由器会根据缺省自己选路,不用担心选路
AS1 ping R8
<Huawei>ping -a 192.168.1.1 172.16.64.1
PING 172.16.64.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 172.16.64.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=252 time=40 ms
Reply from 172.16.64.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=252 time=40 ms
Reply from 172.16.64.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=252 time=40 ms
Reply from 172.16.64.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=252 time=40 ms
Reply from 172.16.64.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=252 time=40 ms
--- 172.16.64.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 40/40/40 ms
七、
对于AS1和AS3来说,学到的是汇总路由,BGP协议只会选择一条路由,就会产生选路不佳
R1路由表,只要去AS2就会选择R2,R2也就会选择R4
*>i 172.16.0.0 192.168.1.33 0 100 0 2i
* i 192.168.1.65 0 100 0 2i
所以在R4上将R5/7/9/11/13的明细路由宣告,会携带度量值传递给AS1,这样AS1在选择R5/7/9/11/13会选择R5
R12传递给AS3时同理
R4
bgp 2
network 172.16.16.1 255.255.255.255
network 172.16.24.1 255.255.255.255
network 172.16.80.1 255.255.255.255
network 172.16.88.1 255.255.255.255
network 172.16.144.1 255.255.255.255
此时查看R1路由表
*>i 172.16.0.0 192.168.1.33 0 100 0 2i
* i 192.168.1.65 0 100 0 2i
*>i 172.16.0.1/32 192.168.1.33 100 0 2i
* i 192.168.1.65 100 0 2i
*>i 172.16.8.1/32 192.168.1.33 100 0 2i
* i 192.168.1.65 100 0 2i
*>i 172.16.16.1/32 192.168.1.65 100 0 2i
*>i 172.16.24.1/32 192.168.1.65 100 0 2i
*>i 172.16.64.1/32 192.168.1.33 100 0 2i
* i 192.168.1.65 100 0 2i
*>i 172.16.72.1/32 192.168.1.33 100 0 2i
* i 192.168.1.65 100 0 2i
*>i 172.16.80.1/32 192.168.1.65 100 0 2i
*>i 172.16.88.1/32 192.168.1.65 100 0 2i
*>i 172.16.136.1/32 192.168.1.33 100 0 2i
* i 192.168.1.65 100 0 2i
*>i 172.16.144.1/32 192.168.1.65 100 0 2i