程序设计学习（c++）（课堂学习2）

0000000000000000程序设计学习（c++）（课堂学习2）
1.用string对象处理字符串
当处理字符串时优先选择用string对象处理，用法比字符数组更简单且不易出错。

当用字符数组处理时：

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
struct STUDENT
{
int StudNo;
char StudName[33];
};
void DisplayStudent(STUDENT *pStud)
{
cout<<"Student No :"<<pStud->StudNo<<endl;
cout<<"Student Name :"<<pStud->StudName<<endl;
cout<<"------------"<<endl;
}
int main()
{
STUDENT Stud1,Stud2,Stud3;
Stud1.StudNo=1;
strcpy(Stud1.StudName,"zhang san");//字符串的赋值
Stud2.StudNo=2;
strcpy(Stud2.StudName,"Li si");
Stud3.StudNo=3;
strcpy(Stud3.StudName,"Wang wu");
DisplayStudent(&Stud1);
DisplayStudent(&Stud2);
DisplayStudent(&Stud3);
return 0;
}

将上述代码变换一下：

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
struct STUDENT
{
int StudNo;
char StudName[33];
void Display()
{
cout<<"Student No :"<<StudNo<<endl;
cout<<"Student Name :"<<StudName<<endl;
cout<<"------------"<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
STUDENT Stud1,Stud2,Stud3;
Stud1.StudNo=1;
strcpy(Stud1.StudName,"zhang san");
Stud2.StudNo=2;
strcpy(Stud2.StudName,"Li si");
Stud3.StudNo=3;
strcpy(Stud3.StudName,"Wang wu");
Stud1.Display();
Stud2.Display();
Stud3.Display();
return 0;
}

当成员函数在类的定义以外时，格式如下：

返回值类型 类名：：函数名（）
{
语句组
}
例如，将上述代码变换：

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class CStudent
{
public:
int StudNo;
char StudName[30];
void Display();
};
void CStudent::Display()
{
cout<<"Student No :"<<StudNo<<endl;
cout<<"Student Name:"<<StudName<<endl;
cout<<"---------------"<<endl;
}
int main()
{
CStudent Stud1,Stud2,Stud3;
Stud1.StudNo=1;
strcpy(Stud1.StudName,"Zhang san");
Stud2.StudNo=2;
strcpy(Stud2.StudName,"Li si");
Stud3.StudNo=3;
strcpy(Stud3.StudName,"Wang wu");
Stud1.Display();
Stud2.Display();
Stud3.Display();
return 0;
}

2.定义string对象
格式：
string 变量名；
以上述代码为例：

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class CStudent
{
public:
int StudNo;
string StudName;
void Display();
};
void CStudent::Display()
{
cout<<"Student No:"<<StudNo<<endl;
cout<<"Student Name:"<<StudName<<endl;
cout<<"------------------"<<endl;
}
int main()
{
CStudent Stud[3];
CStudent *pStud;
int i;
Stud[0].StudNo=1;
Stud[0].StudName="Zhang san";
Stud[1].StudNo=2;
Stud[1].StudName="Li si";
Stud[2].StudNo=3;
Stud[2].StudName="Wang wu";
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
pStud=&Stud[i];
pStud->Display();
}
return 0;
}

3.析构函数

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class CComplex
{
private:
double real;
double imag;
public:
CComplex();
CComplex(double real,double imag);
CComplex(const CComplex &z);
~CComplex();

double GetReal()const;
double Getimag()const;
void Display;
};
CComplex::CComplex()
{
cout<<"Constructor CComplex::CComplex()!"<<endl;
real=0.0;
imag=0.0;
}
CComplex::CComplex(double real,double imag)
{
cout<<"Constructor CComplex::CComplex(double real,double imag)!"<<endl;
this->real=real;
this->imag=imag;
}
CComplex::CComplex(const CComplex &z)
{
cout<<"Copy  constructor CComplex::CComplex(const CComplex &z)!"<<endl;
real=z.real;
imag=z.imag;
}
CComplex::~CComplex()
{
cout<<"Destructor CComplex::~CComplex()!"<<endl;
}
double CComplex::GetReal()const
{
return real;
}
double CComplex::Getimag()const
{
return imag;
}
void CComplex::Display()
{
cout<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"i"<<endl;
}
CComplex Globle_z;
void DisplayComplex(const CComplex &z)
{
cout<<z.GetReal()<<"+"<<z.Getimag()<<"i"<<endl;
}
int main()
{
cout<<"---------------------"<<endl;
CComplex z1;
z1.Display();
cout<<"---------------"<<endl;
CComplex*pz1;
pz1=new CComplex;
pz1->Display();
delete pz1;
cout<<"-------------"<<endl;
CComplex z2(3.0,4.0);
z2.Display();
cout<<"-------------"<<endl;
CComplex *pz2;
pz2=new CComplex(3.0,4.0);
pz2->Display();
delete pzz2;
cout<<"-------------"<<endl;
CComplex z3(6.0,8.0);
DisplayComplex(z3);
cout<<"---------------"<<endl;
CComplex z4(z3);
z4.Display();
cout<<"--------------"<<endl;
return 0;
}

输出员工信息：

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class CEmployee
{
private:
int ID;
string Name;
string Sex;
int Age;
double Salary;
public:
CEmployee();
~CEmployee();
int GetId();
void SetID(int ID);
string GetName();
void SetName(string Name);
string GetSex();
void SetSex(string Sex);
int GetAge();
void SetAge(int Age);
double GetSalary();
void SetSalary(double Salary);
void Display();
};
CEmployee::CEmployee()
{
cout<<"Constructor CEmployee::CEmployee()!"<<endl;
ID=0;
Name="No Name";
Sex="Female";
Age=0;
Salary=0.0;
}
CEmployee::~CEmployee()
{
cout<<"Destructor CEmployee::~CEmployee!"<<endl;
}
int CEmployee::GetID()
{
return ID;
}
void CEmployee::SetID(int ID)
{
if(ID>0)
{
this->ID=ID;
}
}
string CEmployee::GetName()
{
return Name;
}
void CEmployee::SetName(string Name)
{
this->Name=Name;
}
string CEmployee::GetSex()
{
return Sex;
}
void CEployee::SetSex(string Sex)
{
if((Sex=="Female")||(Sex=="Male"))
{
this->Sex=Sex;
}
}
int CEmployee::GetAge()
{
return Age;
}
void CEmployee::SetAge(int Age)
{
if((Age>=18)&&(Age<=60))
{
this->Age=Age;
}
}
double CEmployee::GetSalary()
{
return Salary;
}
void CEmployee::SetSalary(double Salary)
{
if(Salary>0.0)
{
this->Salary=Salary;
}
}
void CEmployee::Display()
{
cout<<"-----------------"<<endl;
cout<<"Employee ID:"<<ID<<endl;
cout<<"Name :"<<Name<<endl;
cout<<"Sex  :"<<Sex<<endl;
cout<<"Age  ："<<Age<<endl;
cout<<"Salary :"<<Salary<<endl;
cout<<"======================="<<endl;
}
int main()
{
CEmployee Employees[4];
Employees[0].SetID(1);
Employees[0].SetName("zhang shan");
Employee[0].SetSex("Male");
Employee[0].SetAge(25);
Employee[0].SetSalary(5000.0);
Employee[1].SetID(2);
Employee[1].SetName("Li si");
Employee[1].SetSex("Female");
Employee[1].SetAge(25);
Employee[1].SetSalary(5000.0);
Employee[2].SetID(3);
Employee[2].SetName("wang wu");
Employee[2].SetSex("Male");
Employee[2].SetAge(30);
Employee[2].SetSalary(8000.0);
for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
{
Employees[i].Display();
}
cout<<"--------------------"<<endl;
for(int j=0;j<4;j++)
{
if(Employees[j].GetID()!=0)
{
cout<<"Employee   ID:"<<Employees[j].GetID()<<"\t";
cout<<"Name:"<<Employees[j].GetName()<<"\t";
cout<<"Sex:"<<Employees[j].GetSex()<<"\t";
cout<<"Age:"<<Employees[j].GetAge()<<"\t";
cout<<"Salary:"<<Employees[j].GetSalary()<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"Invalid  Employee Information!"<<endl;
}
cout<<"------------------"<<endl;
}
return 0;
}