servlet

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-03 11:03:55 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-05-03 11:03:55 发布

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分类专栏： java 文章标签： java mvc tomcat

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45671732/article/details/119753777

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servlet

servlet

servlet介绍

servlet是一个小程序，可以直接部署在服务器上直接运行，servlet最底层是一个接口，是sun公司提供的一套规范。当前的HttpServlet的直接父类是GenericServlet，GenericServlet是servlet接口的实现类。HttpServlet类提供了一些抽象的方法，用于加载当前小程序

servlet的生命周期

init()方法第一次访问这个控制器的时候初始化方法
service()用于分发请求的方法比如请求类型的不同，执行不同的操作
doGet()处理get请求
doPost()处理post请求
destory()当服务器关闭销毁当前的小程序

第一次访问的时候先执行初始化init()方法
执行service()方法
根据不同的请求执行doGet()或者doPost()方法
关闭服务器执行destory()方法

新建一个LoginServlet.java文件

package com.javaweb.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(name = "LoginServlet", value = "/LoginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("servlet初始化");
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("开始处理请求");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("开始处理get请求");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("开始处理post请求");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("servlet销毁");
    }
}

启动tomcat服务器，访问http://localhost:8080/项目名/LoginServlet，看控制台输出的内容。

package com.javaweb.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(name = "RegisterServlet", value = "/RegisterServlet")
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("init()方法控制器初始化");
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("service()方法开始处理请求");
        super.service(req, res);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("doGet()方法处理get请求");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("doPost()方法处理post请求");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy()方法控制器销毁");
    }
}

用IDEA新建servlet的时候会默认使用注解的方式。
在之前没有注解方式是怎样运行的呢？

package com.javaweb.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;

//@WebServlet(name = "TestOldServlet", value = "/TestOldServlet")
public class TestOldServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("init()方法控制器初始化");
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("service()方法开始处理请求");
        super.service(req, res);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("doGet()方法处理get请求");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("doPost()方法处理post请求");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy()方法控制器销毁");
    }
}

在没有使用注解的方式配置servlet控制器访问路径时，使用的是配置文件的方式，在项目的WEB-INF文件夹下有一个web.xml文件。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>oldServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.javaweb.Servlet.TestOldServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>oldServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/ordServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

重启tomcat服务器，访问http://localhost:8080/day01_war_exploded/oldServlet

JDBC+JSP+Servlet实现用户的登录操作
用户输入用户名和密码登录的操作其实就是在mysql数据库中的查询操作，首先在mysql中创建一个表:

show databases;
use demo1125;
show tables;
create table test01(
    pid int auto_increment not null  primary key ,
    pname varchar(30),
    pwd varchar(30)
);

编写一个StuLoginServlet:

package com.javaweb.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.*;

@WebServlet(name = "StuLoginServlet", value = "/StuLoginServlet")
public class StuLoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //一次完整的请求包括请求和响应
        String name = request.getParameter("name");
        String pwd = request.getParameter("pwd");
        System.out.println(name);
        System.out.println(pwd);
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo1125", "root", "root");
            String sql = "select * from test01 where pname=? and pwd=?";
            PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            ps.setString(1, name);
            ps.setString(2, pwd);
            ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
            boolean flag = false;
            while (rs.next()) {
                flag = true;
            }
            if (flag) {
                System.out.println("登录成功");
            } else {
                System.out.println("登录失败");
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

编写一个JSP页面:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
    //先定义一个用于获取本项目根路径的一个地址
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    out.print(path);
%>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="<%=path%>/StuLoginServlet" method="post">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="name">
    密码:<input type="password" name="pwd">
    <input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>

重启Tomcat服务器，在浏览器中尝试登录数据库中存在的用户。

MVC模式

M是model模型，V是view视图，controller控制器 servlet

model模型 entity pojo 实体类(这一层编写的是与数据库的表意义对应的java类)
dao层 database access object dao层是负责数据库增删改查的接口
service层是真正的业务逻辑层调用dao层，来具体使用哪些方法
view视图 JSP 显示数据用的视图显示给用户看的

之前编写的用户登录页面的代码在StuLoginServlet中把链接数据库的代码部分抽取出来，单独放到一个类中:

package com.javaweb.entity;

public class Person {
    private int pid;
    private String pname;
    private String pwd;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "pid=" + pid +
                ", pname='" + pname + '\'' +
                ", pwd='" + pwd + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(int pid, String pname, String pwd) {
        this.pid = pid;
        this.pname = pname;
        this.pwd = pwd;
    }

    public String getPwd() {
        return pwd;
    }

    public void setPwd(String pwd) {
        this.pwd = pwd;
    }

    public String getPname() {
        return pname;
    }

    public void setPname(String pname) {
        this.pname = pname;
    }

    public int getPid() {
        return pid;
    }

    public void setPid(int pid) {
        this.pid = pid;
    }
}

package com.javaweb.util;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class ConnUtil {
    public static Connection getConn() {
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo1125", "root", "root");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
        return conn;
    }
}

package com.javaweb.util;

public class BaseDao {

}

编写Person的Dao层

package com.javaweb.Dao;

public interface PersonDao {
    //这里写入的全是抽象方法
    public boolean login();
}

package com.javaweb.DaoImpl;

import com.javaweb.Dao.PersonDao;

public class PersonDaoImpl implements PersonDao {
    @Override
    public boolean login() {
        return false;
    }
}

package com.javaweb.Service;

public interface PersonService {
    public boolean login();
}

package com.javaweb.ServiceImpl;

import com.javaweb.Dao.PersonDao;
import com.javaweb.DaoImpl.PersonDaoImpl;
import com.javaweb.Service.PersonService;

public class PersonServiceImpl implements PersonService {
    private PersonDao pd = new PersonDaoImpl();

    @Override
    public boolean login() {
        return pd.login();
    }
}

package com.javaweb.Dao;

public interface PersonDao {
    //这里写入的全是抽象方法
    public boolean login();
}

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