什么是实义动词?
实义动词词义完整,能独立作谓语,可分成:及物动词(transitive verb)和不及物动词(intransitive verb)
1.及物动词要求有宾语
①Mr.Smith gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday.
史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日.
②He asked the teacher a few questions.
他向老师问了几个问题.
③We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下.
④Children and young people like bright colors.
孩子和年轻人喜欢亮丽的颜色.
2.不及物动词不要求有宾语
① Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 A.m and close at 5:00 or 5:30 in the evening .
英国大部分商店九点开门,晚五点或五点半关门.
②George’s father lives there.
乔治的爸爸住在那里.
③Let’s go home.
我们回家吧.
④The examination ended at 11:30 A.m.
考试上午十一点半结束.
3.特殊实义动词
英语动词很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如 close,begin,study,leave,work等.
①The post office closes at 9:00 p.m.
邮局晚上9点关门.
②Close the window,please.
请关窗.
③Shall we begin now?
我们现在开始吗?
④ Bill began working as a sailor after he left school.
比尔毕业后当水手.
⑤They left yesterday.
他们昨天离开的.
⑥When did you leave Washington?
你什么时候离开华盛顿的?
⑦The students study hard.
这些学生学习努力.
⑧The students study English and German.
这些学生学习英语和德语.
⑨He works in a supermarket.
他在一家超市工作.
⑩He works the machine on Mondays.
他星期一操作这台机器.
4.实义动词,也叫行为动词.就我们现在所学的内容来讲,实义动词所在的句子中一般不存在be动词.也就是在含有实义动词的句子变否定句或疑EN问句时,一定不能用be动词.那么,实义动词究竟怎样用呢?
正如be动词随着主语的变化可变为am、is、are一样,实义动词在肯定句中,也要随着主语的变化而变化.
当主语为第三人称单数he,she,it时,实义动词要变为相应的第三人称单数;当主语为非第三人称单数I,you(你),we,you(你们) they时,实义动词要用动词的原形.
而在变否定句和疑问句时,不能直接在动词上变,而是要借助另一类动词:助动词do、does.
(1)肯定句:
① I have a blue book.
② He has a brother.
③ She wants to be a teacher.
④ They like to play basketball.
(2)否定句:主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形.其中do/does为助动词,是来帮助实义动词构成否定或疑问句的,但加了do/does后,其后面的动词必须用动词原形.
① I have a blue book.(变为否定句)→I don’t have a blue book.
② He has a brother.(变为否定句)→He doesn’t have brother.
③ She wants to be a teacher.(变为否定句)→She doesn’t want to be a teacher.
④ They like to play basketball.(变为否定句)→They don’t like to play basketball.
5⃣️He can swim and dance.(变为否定句)→He can’t wim or dance.
6⃣️My father likes English and math.(变为否定句)→My father doesn’t like English or math.
(3)一般疑问句:Do/Does +主语+动词原形+其他?句中加了do/does后,其后面的动词还是必须用动词原形.
① I have a blue book.(变为一般疑问句)→Do you have a blue book?
② He has a brother.(变为一般疑问句)→Does he have a brother?
③ My brother does his homework before supper.(变为一般疑问句)→Does your brother do his homework before supper?
④ She wants to be a teacher.(变为一般疑问句)→Does she want to be a teacher?
⑤ They like to play basketball.(变为一般疑问句)→Do they like to play basketball?
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
① Your sister likes English best because it’s interesting.(对加粗部分提问)→Why does your sister like English best?
② He does his homework before supper.(对加粗部分提问)→When does he do his homework?
注意:当含有and引导的短语在句中做谓语或宾语,我们把这类句子变否定句时,必须把and变为or.如:
(5) but和except后.but前是实义动词do时,后面出现的不定式不带to. 例如:
He wants to do nothing but go out.
他只想出去玩.
比较:He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
除了吃这药,他什么都信.
什么是不及物动词?
没有被动式的,它的动作没有对象,只是表示某种状态。不及物动词一般用vi.来表示,它不可以直接加宾语,需要加上介词后再接宾语,句型通常为主谓+介词+宾语,比如I will wait for you。我会等你。
一、本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词。
不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后加上某个介词,如to,of ,at等后方可跟上宾语。
如: It happened in the summer of 2008.
这件事发生在二零零八年的夏天。
She is dancing.
她正在跳舞。 Dance这个动词就是不及物动词,后面不能加sth.(不能说跳什么东西)
二、常见的不及物动词:
三、不及物动词的用法:
1)常用于主谓结构:
This machine doesn’t work.
这机器坏了。
The Sun fall from the West.
太阳从西方落下。
2)不及物动词后若想加宾语,需要先加介词,再加宾语:
My daughter loves to listen to Adele.
我的女儿很喜欢听阿黛尔的歌。
(listen后加to) I cannot agree with what you thought. 我不同意你的想法。(agree后加with)