SQL - 50题 - 练习

SQL50题

表关联关系

建表

-- 建表
-- 学生表
CREATE TABLE `Student`(
	`s_id` VARCHAR(20),
	`s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	`s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	`s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`)
);
-- 课程表
CREATE TABLE `Course`(
	`c_id`  VARCHAR(20),
	`c_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	`t_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
	PRIMARY KEY(`c_id`)
);
-- 教师表
CREATE TABLE `Teacher`(
	`t_id` VARCHAR(20),
	`t_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	PRIMARY KEY(`t_id`)
);
-- 成绩表
CREATE TABLE `Score`(
	`s_id` VARCHAR(20),
	`c_id`  VARCHAR(20),
	`s_score` INT(3),
	PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`,`c_id`)
);

插入数据

-- 插入学生表测试数据
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');
-- 课程表测试数据
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');
-- 教师表测试数据
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');
-- 成绩表测试数据
insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);

练习题

注：
1.嵌套查询和子查询影响性能，一般在项目里每个SQL拆开写成单独的。
​2.在使用 group by 时，select中查询的字段最好是 group by 中出现的或者是统计函数（count、sum、avg等等）求过的。

-- 1、查询课程编号为"01"的课程比"02"的课程成绩高的所有学生的学号(重点)
select a.s_id "s_no",c.s_name,a.s_score "01",b.s_score "02" from
(select * from score where score.c_id = '01') as a
inner join
(select * from score where score.c_id = '02') as b
on a.s_id = b.s_id
inner join student as c 
on c.s_id = a.s_id
where a.s_score > b.s_score

-- 2、查询平均成绩大于等于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩
select s_id,avg(s_score) avg_score
from score
group by s_id having avg(s_score) > 60

-- 3、查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩
select a.s_id,a.s_name,count(b.c_id),
sum(case when b.s_score is null then 0 else b.s_score end)
from student as a
left join score as b
on a.s_id = b.s_id
group by s_id

-- 4、查询"张"姓老师的数量 
select count(t_id)
from teacher
where t_name like "张%"
-- 去重
select count(distinct t_name)
from teacher
where t_name like '张%'

-- 5、查询没学过"张三"老师课的学生的学号、姓名(重点)
select s.s_id,s.s_name from student as s
where s.s_id not in
(select sc.s_id from score as sc where sc.c_id in
(select c.c_id from course as c where c.t_id in
(select t.t_id from teacher as t where t.t_name = '李四')))

select s_id,s_name from student where s_id not in 
(select s_id from score where c_id in
(select c_id from course where t_id in
(select t_id from teacher where t_name = '张三')))

select s_id,s_name from student where s_id not in
(select s_id from score sc 
join course c on sc.c_id = c.c_id
join teacher t on c.t_id = t.t_id
where t_name = '张三')

-- 6、查询所有学过"张三"老师所教的课的同学的学号、姓名(重点)
select s.s_id,s.s_name from student s
join score sc on sc.s_id = s.s_id
join course c on c.c_id = sc.c_id
join teacher t on t.t_id = c.t_id
where t.t_name = '张三'

-- 查询学过"张三"老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名

-- 7、查询学过编号为"01"并且也学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的学号、姓名(重点)
select s_id,s_name from student where s_id in
(select sc1.s_id from
(select s_id from score where c_id = '01') sc1
join
(select s_id from score where c_id = '02') sc2
on sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id)

-- 查询长度
select length(null)

select length('123')

-- 8、查询课程编号为"02"的总成绩  sum、avg、count
select sum(s_score),avg(s_score),count(s_score) from score
where c_id = '02'

select c_id,sum(s_score),avg(s_score),count(s_score) from score
group by c_id

select c_id,sum(s_score),avg(s_score),count(s_score) from score
group by c_id having c_id = '02'

-- 9、所有课程成绩小于60分的学生学号、姓名
select s_id,s_name from student where s_id in
(select sc1.s_id from
(select s_id,count(s_id) countstu from score where s_score < 60 group by s_id) sc1
join
(select s_id,count(s_id) countstu from score group by s_id) sc2
on sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id
where sc1.countstu = sc2.countstu)

select s.s_id, s.s_name from
(select s_id,count(s_id) c1 from score where s_score < 60 group by s_id) sc1
join
(select s_id,count(s_id) c2 from score group by s_id) sc2
on sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id
join student s on s.s_id = sc1.s_id
where sc1.c1 = sc2.c2

-- 10、查询没有学全所有课的学生的学号、姓名(重点)
select s.s_id,s.s_name from student as s
left join
score as sc
on
s.s_id = sc.s_id
group by s.s_id having count(distinct sc.c_id) < (select count(distinct c_id) from course)

select s.s_id,s_name from student s
left join
score sc
on
s.s_id = sc.s_id
group by s.s_id having count(sc.c_id) < (select count(c_id) from course)

-- 11、查询至少有一门课与学号为'01'的学生所学课程相同的学生的学号和姓名(重点)
select s.s_id,s_name from student s where s_id in
(select s_id from score sc1 where c_id in
(select c_id from score sc2 where s_id = '01'))
and s.s_id != '01'

select s.s_id,s_name from student s
join
(select distinct s_id from score where c_id in
(select c_id from score where s_id = '01')
and s_id != '01') sc
on s.s_id = sc.s_id

-- 12、查询和'01'号同学所学课程完全相同的其他同学的学号(重点)
	-- 01号学了01,02,03
	-- 选出所学的课不在（01,02,03）的同学 - 排除
	-- 剩下的同学肯定选了（01,02,03）中的某几门，判断所学的课程树是否等于3
select s_id,s_name from student where s_id in
(select s_id from score where s_id != '01'
group by s_id having count(c_id) = (select count(c_id) from score where s_id = '01'))
and s_id not in
(select s_id from score where c_id not in
(select c_id from score where s_id = '01'))

-- 15、查询两门及其以上课程不及格课程的同学的学号、姓名及其平均成绩(重点)
select s.s_id,s_name,avg(sc.s_score) from student s
join
(select * from score where s_score < 60) sc
on
s.s_id = sc.s_id
group by s.s_id having count(distinct sc.c_id) >= 2

select a.s_id,a.s_name,avg(s_score) from student as a
inner join score as b
on a.s_id = b.s_id
where a.s_id in (
select s_id from score
where s_score < 60
group by s_id having count(distinct c_id) >= 2)
group by s_id,s_name

-- 16、检索01课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列学生信息
select s.*,sc.c_id,sc.s_score from student s
inner join score sc
on s.s_id = sc.s_id
where sc.c_id = '01' and sc.s_score < 60
order by sc.s_score desc

-- 17、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩(重点)
select sc1.s_id,sc1.c_id,sc1.s_score,sc2.avg2 from score sc1
inner join
(select s_id,avg(s_score) avg2 from score
group by s_id) sc2
on sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id
order by sc2.avg2 desc

select s_id '学号',
max(case when c_id = '01' then s_score else null end) '语文',
max(case when c_id = '02' then s_score else null end) '数学',
max(case when c_id = '03' then s_score else null end) '英语',
max(case when c_id = '04' then s_score else null end) '科学',
avg(s_score) '平均成绩'
from score
group by s_id 
order by avg(s_score) desc

-- 18、查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，课程name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率(重点)
	-- 及格为 >= 60,中等为：70 - 80，优良为：80 - 90，优秀为：>= 90
select c.c_id '课程ID',c.c_name '课程name',max(sc.s_score) '最高分',min(sc.s_score) '最低分',avg(sc.s_score) '平均分',
sum(case when sc.s_score >= 60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sc.s_id) '及格率',
sum(case when sc.s_score > 70 and sc.s_score < 80 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sc.s_id) '中等率',
sum(case when sc.s_score >= 80 and sc.s_score < 90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sc.s_id) '优良率',
sum(case when sc.s_score > 90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sc.s_id) '优秀率'
from score sc
inner join course c on sc.c_id = c.c_id
group by c.c_id
order by c.c_id

-- 19、按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名(row_number、rank、dense_rank)(重点)
	-- 窗口函数

-- 20、查询学生的总成绩并进行排名(不重点)
select s_id 学号,sum(s_score) 总成绩
from score
group by s_id
order by 总成绩 desc

-- 21、查询不同老师所教的不同课程平均分从高到低显示
	-- 1、以课程为主体，求平均分
	select c.c_id,c.c_name,avg(sc.s_score) from course c
	inner join score sc
	on c.c_id = sc.c_id
	group by c.c_id,c.c_name
	order by avg(sc.s_score) desc
	-- 2、以老师为主体，求平均分
	select t.t_id,t.t_name,avg(sc.s_score) from score sc
	inner join course c on c.c_id = sc.c_id
	inner join teacher t on t.t_id = c.t_id
	group by t.t_id,t.t_name
	order by avg(sc.s_score)

	select t.t_id,t.t_name,c.c_id,avg(sc.s_score) from score sc
	inner join course c on c.c_id = sc.c_id
	inner join teacher t on t.t_id = c.t_id
	group by t.t_id,t.t_name,c.c_id
	order by avg(sc.s_score)

-- 22、查询所有课程的成绩第2名到第3名的学生信息及课程成绩

-- 23、使用分段(100 - 85),(85 - 70),(70 - 60),(< 60)来统计各科成绩，分别统计各分数段人数：课程ID和课程名称(重点)
select c.c_id,c.c_name,
sum(case when sc.s_score <= 100 and sc.s_score > 85 then 1 else 0 end) '100 - 85',
count(case when sc.s_score <= 85 and sc.s_score > 70 then 1 else null end) '85 - 70',
count(case when sc.s_score <= 70 and sc.s_score > 60 then 1 end) '70 - 60',
sum(case when sc.s_score <= 60 then 1 else 0 end) '< 60'
from score sc
inner join course c
on sc.c_id = c.c_id
group by c.c_id

-- 24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次(同19题，重点)
select s_id,avg(s_score),row_number () over (order by avg(s_score) desc) 排名
from score
group by s_id

-- 26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数
select c.c_id,c.c_name,count(sc.s_id) 学生数 
from score sc
inner join course c
on c.c_id = sc.c_id
group by c.c_id,c.c_name

-- 27、查询出只有两门课程的全部学生的身份和姓名
select s.s_id,s_name from student s
inner join score sc
on sc.s_id = s.s_id
group by s.s_id,s_name having count(sc.c_id) = 2

select s_id,s_name from student where s_id in
(select s_id from score sc group by s_id having count(c_id) = 2)

-- 28、查询男生、女生人数
select 
sum(case when s_sex = '男' then 1 else 0 end) 男生人数,
sum(case when s_sex = '女' then 1 else 0 end) 女生人数
from student

select s_sex,count(s_id) from student
group by s_sex

-- 29、查询名字中带有“风”字的学生信息
select * from student where s_name like '%风%'

select * from student where s_name like '%风' -- 结尾

select * from student where s_name like '风%' -- 开头

-- 31、查询1990年出生的学生名单(重点)
select * from student
where year(s_birth) = 1990

	-- 时间格式
	yyyy-mm-dd
	yyyymmdd
	yyyy/mm/dd
	yymmdd
	select month(190911)
	
-- 32、查询平均成绩大于等于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
select s.s_id,s.s_name,avg(sc.s_score) avg_score from student s
inner join score sc
on s.s_id = sc.s_id
group by s.s_id,s.s_name
having avg(sc.s_score) >= 85

select a.s_id,a.s_name,b.avg_score from student as a
inner join
(select s_id,avg(s_score) as avg_score from score
group by s_id having avg_score >= 85)
as b on a.s_id = b.s_id

-- 33、查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩升序排序，平均成绩相同时，按课程号降序排序
select c.c_id,c.c_name,avg(sc.s_score) avg_score from course c
inner join score sc
on c.c_id = sc.c_id
group by c.c_id
order by avg_score asc,c.c_id desc

-- 34、查询课程名称为“数学”，且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数
select s.s_name,sc.s_score from student s
inner join score sc
on s.s_id = sc.s_id
inner join course c
on c.c_id = sc.c_id
where c.c_name = "数学" and sc.s_score < 60

-- 35、查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(重点)
select s.s_name,c.c_name,sc.s_score from student s
inner join score sc
on s.s_id = sc.s_id
inner join course c
on c.c_id = sc.c_id

select s.s_id,s.s_name,
sum(case when c.c_name = '语文' then sc.s_score else null end) '语文',
sum(case when c.c_name = '数学' then sc.s_score else null end) '数学',
sum(case when c.c_name = '英语' then sc.s_score else null end) '英语',
sum(case when c.c_name = '科学' then sc.s_score else null end) '科学'
from student s
inner join score sc
on s.s_id = sc.s_id
inner join course c
on c.c_id = sc.c_id
group by s.s_id,s.s_name

select s.s_id,s.s_name,
max(case when c.c_name = '语文' then sc.s_score else null end) '语文',
max(case when c.c_name = '数学' then sc.s_score else null end) '数学',
max(case when c.c_name = '英语' then sc.s_score else null end) '英语',
max(case when c.c_name = '科学' then sc.s_score else null end) '科学'
from student s
left join score sc
on s.s_id = sc.s_id
left join course c
on c.c_id = sc.c_id
group by s.s_id,s.s_name

-- 36、查询课程成绩在70分以上课程名称，分数和学生姓名
select s.s_name,c.c_name,sc.s_score
from student s
inner join score sc
on sc.s_id = s.s_id
inner join course c
on c.c_id = sc.c_id
where sc.s_score > 70

-- 37、查询不及格的课程并按课程号从大到小排列
select c.c_id,c.c_name,s.s_name,sc.s_score from course c
inner join score sc
on sc.c_id = c.c_id
inner join student s
on s.s_id = sc.s_id
where sc.s_score < 60
order by c.c_id desc

-- 38、查询课程编号为03且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名
select s.s_id,s.s_name,c.c_id,c.c_name,sc.s_score from student s
inner join score sc
on sc.s_id = s.s_id
inner join course c
on c.c_id = sc.c_id
where c.c_id = '03' and sc.s_score > 80

-- 39、求每门课程的学生人数
select c.c_id,c.c_name,count(distinct sc.s_id) count_sid from score sc
inner join course c
on c.c_id = sc.c_id
group by c.c_id,c.c_name

-- 40、查询选修“张三”老师所授课程的学生中成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩
select s.s_id,s.s_name,sc.s_score from score sc
inner join student s
on s.s_id = sc.s_id
inner join course c
on c.c_id = sc.c_id
inner join teacher t
on t.t_id = c.t_id
where t.t_name = '张三'
order by sc.s_score desc
limit 0,1

select s.s_name,sc.s_score from student s
inner join score sc on sc.s_id = s.s_id 
inner join course c on c.c_id = sc.c_id
inner join teacher t on t.t_id = c.c_id
where t.t_name = '张三'
order by sc.s_score desc limit 0,1

-- 41、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩(重点)
select s_id from 
(select s_id,s_score from score
group by s_id,s_score) a
group by s_id having count(s_id) = 1

select s_id from
(select sc1.s_id,sc1.s_score from score as sc1
inner join
(select s_id from score
group by s_id having count(distinct c_id) > 1) as sc2
on sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id
group by sc1.s_id,sc1.s_score) as sc
group by s_id having count(s_id) = 1

-- 43、统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过五人的课程才统计）。
	-- 要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排序，若人数相同，按课程号升序排序
select c.c_id,c.c_name,count(distinct s.s_id) count_student from student s
inner join score sc on sc.s_id = s.s_id
inner join course c on c.c_id = sc.c_id
group by c.c_id,c.c_name having count(s.s_id) > 5
order by count_student desc,c.c_id asc

-- 44、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
select s_id,count(distinct c_id) as cnt from score
group by s_id having count(c_id) >= 2

-- 45、查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
select s.* from student s
inner join score sc
on sc.s_id = s.s_id
group by s.s_id 
having count(sc.c_id) = (select count(c.c_id) from course c)

select s_id,count(distinct c_id) cnt from score
group by s_id having cnt = (select count(c_id) from course)

-- 46、查询各学生的年龄
	-- floor():向下取整;round():四舍五入;datediff():求时间差值，按天数计算
select s_id,s_birth,floor(datediff(now(),s_birth)/365) age from student

-- 当前时间
select now(),curdate()

-- 47、查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
select s_name from student where s_name not in
(select s.s_name from student s
inner join score sc
on sc.s_id = s.s_id
inner join course c
on c.c_id = sc. c_id
inner join teacher t
on t.t_id = c.t_id
where t.t_name = '张三'
group by s.s_name)

select * from student where s_id not in
(select s.s_id from student s
inner join score sc
on sc.s_id = s.s_id
inner join course c
on c.c_id = sc.c_id
inner join teacher t
on t.t_id = c.t_id
where t.t_name = '张三')

-- 48、查询下周过生日的学生
select * from student

select week('2020-01-01',1)

select now()

select date(now())

-- week(出生日期，1) = week(现在的日期，1) + 1

select * from student where week(s_birth,1) = week(now(),1) + 1

select subString('1990-01-20',6,5)

select concat('2020-','01-11')

select concat('2020-',subString('1990-01-20',6,5))

select * from student where week(concat('2019-',subString(s_birth,6,5)),1) = week('2019-05-15',1) + 1

-- 49、查询本月过生日的人
select * from student
where month(s_birth) = month(now())

-- 50、下个月过生日的同学
select * from student
where month(s_birth) = month(now()) + 1

select * from student where
case when month(now()) = 12 then month(s_birth) = 1 
else month(s_birth) = month(now()) + 1 end

select * from student where month(s_birth) = 
case when month(now()) = 12 then 1 
else month(now()) + 1 end

select * from student where month(s_birth) = 
if(month(now()) = 12,1,month(now()) + 1)

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