网络编程
1.1 概述
地球村:你在西安,你一个美国的朋友!
信件:
计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同
的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交换。通信
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
- 如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机 192.168.16.124:端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
- 找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
JavaWeb:网页编程 B/S
网络编程;TCP/IP C/S
1.2 网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方地址:
- ip
- 端口号
- 192.168.16.124:5900
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型:
小结:
- 网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
- 网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号 IP
- 网络通信协议 udp,tcp
- 万物皆对象
1.3 IP
ip地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上计算机
-
127.0.0.1:本机localhost
-
ip地址的分类
-
ipv4/ipv6
-
ipv4:127.0.0.1,四个字节组成,0255,42亿;30亿都在北美,亚洲四亿。2011年用尽;
-
ipv6:128位,8个无符号整数!
246e:444:9750:30d0:678c:321d:a987:c520
-
-
公网(互联网) - 私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx,专门给组织内部使用的
-
-
域名:记忆IP问题
-
IP:www.vip.com
try { //查询本机地址 System.out.println("查询本机地址"); InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); System.out.println(inetAddress1); InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); System.out.println(inetAddress2); InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); System.out.println(inetAddress3); System.out.println(); //查询网站ip地址 System.out.println("查询网站ip地址"); InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com"); System.out.println(inetAddress4); //常用方法 System.out.println("常用方法"); System.out.println(inetAddress4.getAddress()); System.out.println(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字 System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress());//ip System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名字 } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
1.4 端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程;
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
-
被规定0~65535
-
TCP,UDP:65535*2 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
公有端口0~1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
-
程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配用户或程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
-
动态、私有:49152~65535
-
-
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口
netstat -ano findstr "5900" #查看指定的端口
tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程
ctrl + shift + ESC
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getHostName()); //地址
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getPort()); //端口
}
}
1.5 通信协议
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话
网络通信协议: 速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
问题: 非常的复杂?
大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP:
- IP:网络互联协议
TCP UDP 对比
TCP:打电话
- 连接,稳定
三次握手
四次挥手
- 客户端、服务端
- 传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)
1.6 TCP
客户端
- 连接服务器 Socket
- 发送消息
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址、端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP ,port);
//3.发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("WelCome to BeiJing".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(os != null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
}
服务端
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的连接 accept
- 接收用的消息
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
if(baos != null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket != null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); //阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive2.png"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//5.关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("test.png"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[2048];
int len2;
while((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1){
bos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(bos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务器
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务器 S:Java后台开发!
客户端
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
1.7 UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址!
发送消息
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
public class UDPClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "UDP Test";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UDPServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UDPSendDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据,控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while(true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, data.length(), new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UDPReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while(true){
//准备接收包
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询:两个人都可以是发送方,也都可以是接收方!
多线程实现
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, data.length(), new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
try{
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0,packet.getLength());
System.out.println(msgFrom + ": " + receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(7777,"老师")).start();
}
}
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(6666,"localhost",7777)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.8 URL
https://www.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析 www.baidu.com xxx.x…x…x
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
相关方法:
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=liang&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //协议
System.out.println(url.getHost()); //主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort()); //端口
System.out.println(url.getPath()); //文件
System.out.println(url.getFile()); //全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //参数
}
}
下载网络上的资源:
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://b.bdstatic.com/searchbox/icms/searchbox/img/cheng_girl.png");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("cheng_girl.png");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len); //写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect(); //断开连接
}
}